AVES FROM SOUTH AMERICA

IN WORLD

In this post, we address the diversity of Aves in South America and compare it with the diversity of Mexico and Colombia in each order. For our list of breeding species in Brazil we follow the data from Pacheco, F et al. (Ornithology Research, 2021), totaling (53:281/)697 spp. of non-Passeriformes and (28:369/)1,015 of Passeriformes. Altogether, we report (81:650/)1,712 breeding species in Brazil. According to the data collected here, Colombia has (81:682/)1,765 breeding birds and Mexico has (85/432)904.

Below, all numerical references to Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico refer exclusively to breeding species within each country. The families listed for each order include only those with historical records on the continent, regardless of their current status, and exclude families occurring elsewhere in the world, even those present in Mexico but absent from South America.

National links in Birds of the World: Brazil | Colombia | Mexico.

High relevant updates: Tinamidae (SEE | current Tinamus as Pezus, new Tinamus out Crypturellus, Taoniscus under Nothura, new genus for Nothoprocta cinerascens).

1 RHEIFORMES

Rheidae ‣ two species in C & S South America, one in Brazil, and absent in Colombia and Mexico.

2 TINAMIFORMES

Tinamidae ‣ 9 genera breeds in South America, 5 in Brazil and four absents: Nothocercus (Costa Rica to Bolivia), Nothoprocta (Ecuador to Argentina and Paraguay), Eudromia (Paraguay to Chile), and Tinamotis (Peru to Argentina and Chile). Colombia has (4/)19 spp., Brazil has (5/)24 and Mexico has (2/)4 spp.

3 ANSERIFORMES

Anhimidae ‣ two genera. Brazil and Colombia has (2/)2 spp. each. Absent in Mexico.

Anatidae ‣ 7 genera that breed in South America do not breed in Brazil: Chloephaga (breeding only from Peru to Argentina, vagant in Brazil), Tachyeres (breeding only in Argentina and Chile), Lophonetta (Peru to Argentina), Speculanas (breeding only from Argentina and Chile), Merganetta (breeding from Venezuela to Argentina), Mareca (breeding from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, vagant in Brazil), and Oxyura (breeding in Argentina and Chile, vagant in Brazil). (14/)20 breeding species in Brazil, (10/)13 in Colombia and (8/)13 in Mexico.

4 GALLIFORMES

Cracidae ‣ six genera breeds in Brazil plus two South American native not breeds: Pauxi (Venezuela to Bolivia) and Chamaepetes (Costa Rica to Bolivia). Colombia has (9/)26 spp., Brazil (6/)26 and Mexico has (5/)8.

Odontophoridae ‣ two genera breeds in Brazil and one, Rhynchothrix (America Central to Colombia and Ecuador), breeds in South America however no breeds in Brazil. Mexico has (8/)15 breeding spp., Colombia (3/)10 and Brazil has only (2/)4.

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5 PHOENICOPTERIFORMES

Phoenicopteridae ‣ none species breeds in Brazil, but two genera breeds in South America: Phoenicopterus (only in Argentina for P. chilensis/SEE; Venezuela and Ecuador for P. ruber, SEE, vagant in Brazil) and Phoenicoparrus (Peru to Argentina and Chile, vagant in Brazil). Mexico has one breeding species, in Yucatan region.

6 PODICIPEDIFORMES

Podicipedidae ‣ 4 breeding genera in South America, all in Brazil. Mexico has (4/)5 breeding spp., Colombia (3/)4 and Brazil has (4/)4.

7 COLUMBIFORMES

Columbidae ‣ 10 genera breeds in South America, eight breeds in in Brazil, and two no: Metriopelia (Colombia to Argentina) and Zentrygon (Mexico to Argentina). Excludes Old World Streptopelia, Columba, Chalcophaps, Geopelia and Spilopelia. Leptotrygon now inside in Geotrygon. (10/)35 spp. in Colombia, (8/)22 in Brazil and (9/)23 in Mexico.

8 CUCULIFORMES

Cuculidae ‣ all nine native breeding South American genera breeds in Brazil. Colombia has (7/)20 spp., Brazil (8/)17 and Mexico (7/)11.

9. CAPRIMULGIFORMES

Caprimulgidae ‣ 9 genera breeds in Brazil and one South America breeding genus does not occur in Brazil: Uropsalis (Venezuela to Argentina). Brazil has (12/)25 breeding spp., Colombia has (11/)22 and Mexico has (7/)14.

Steatornithidae ‣ a monotypic family breeding in northern South America including Brazil and Colombia. Absent in Mexico.

Nyctibiidae ‣ two genera breeding in South America, both in Brazil. Colombia has (2/)6 breeding spp., Brazil has (2/)5 and Mexico has (1/)2. Colombia has Nyctibius maculosus absent of Brazil.

Apodidae ‣ six genera breeds in South America, all in Brazil. Excludes Old World Apus. Brazil has (6/)15 breeding spp., Colombia has (6/)17 and Mexico has (5/)10.

Trochilidae ‣ 109 genera worldwide. Colombia has (65/)164 spp. (18 endemics), Brazil (35/)89 (18 endemics), Mexico (28/)59 (18 endemics). All genera are listed below. Brazilian genera in black bold. Trochilidae has nine lineages, all in Brazil except Patagoninae, monotypic with Patagona gigas Vieillot, 1824, from SW Colombia to NW Argentina and Chile (Wikipedia).

LIST OF GENERA

Abeillia
Adelomyia

Aglaeactis

Aglaiocercus

Amazilia

Androdon

Anopetia

Anthocephala

Anthracothorax

Aphantochroa

Archilochus

Atthis

Augastes

Avocettula

Basilinna

Boissonneaua

Calliphlox 

Calothorax

Calypte

Campylopterus

Chaetocercus

Chalcostigma

Chalybura

Chionomesa 

Chlorestes

Chlorostilbon

Chrysolampis

Chrysuronia

Coeligena

Colibri

Cyanophaia

Cynanthus

Damophila

Discosura

Doricha

Doryfera

Elliotomyia 

Elvira

Ensifera

Eriocnemis

Eugenes

Eulampis

Eulidia

Eupetomena

Eupherusa

Eutoxeres 

Florisuga

Glaucis

Goethalsia

Goldmania

Haplophaedia

Heliactin

Heliangelus

Heliodoxa

Heliomaster

Heliothryx

Hylocharis

Hylonympha

Klais

Lafresnaya

Lampornis

Lamprolaima

Lepidopyga

Lesbia

Leucippus

Leucochloris

Loddigesia

Lophornis

Mellisuga

Metallura

Microchera

Microstilbon

Myrmia

Myrtis

Ocreatus

Opisthoprora

Oreonympha

Oreotrochilus

Orthorhyncus

Oxypogon

Panterpe
Patagona Phaeochroa

Phaethornis

Phlogophilus

Polyonymus

Polytmus

Pterophanes

Ramphodon

Ramphomicron

Rhodopis

Sappho

Schistes

Selasphorus

Sephanoides

Saucerottia

Stephanoxis

Sternoclyta

Taphrolesbia

Taphrospilus

Thalaphorus

Thalurania

Thaumastura

Threnetes

Tilmatura

Topaza

Trochilus
Urochroa
Urosticte

10 OPISTHOCOMIFORMES

An order with only one species, restricted to the Amazon Basin, occurring in Colombia and Brazil, and entirely absent from Mexico.

11 GRUIFORMES

(4:19/)41 spp. brees in Brazil.

Rallidae ‣ all genera that occur in South America breed in Brazil. The genus Crex (breeds only in Old World) is excluded. Breeding species totals: Brazil (16/31), Colombia (15/27), and Mexico (11/18).

Heliornithidae ‣ represented by a single species occurring from E Mexico to S Brazil; absent from the Caribbean.

Aramidae ‣ a single species ranges from Florida and eastern Mexico to NE Argentina, including the Caribbean.

Psophiidae ‣ (1/)8 spp. breeds in Brazil. Absent from Mexico. Colombia has (1/)1 spp.

12 CHARADRIIFORMES

Thirteen families are listed below. Thinocoridae, Chionidae, Pluvianellidae, Stercorariidae, and Glareolidae do not have breeding records in Mexico, Brazil, or Colombia. In Burhinidae, Recurvirostridae, Haematopodidae, Jacanidae, and Scolopacidae, each of the three countries hosts only one breeding genus. Within Rostratulidae, breeding occurs exclusively in Brazil among the three countries. In Charadriidae, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico all share the same three breeding genera. Only in Laridae are there breeding genera present in Colombia and Mexico that do not breed in Brazil. (8:19/)28 spp. in Brazil.

Chionidae ‣ no species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico, but one genus breed in South America: Chionis, breeding in southern coastal regions of Argentina and Chile.

Pluvianellidae ‣ a monotypic family, represented by the genus Pluvianellus, which breeds exclusively in Argentina and Chile.

Burhinidae ‣ a single Neotropical species occurs from S Mexico to Costa Rica, E Colombia, Caribbean, and Amapá state in N Brazil.

Recurvirostridae ‣ two genera breed in South America. Himanthopus breed in Brazil, while Recurvirostra breeds only in the central Andes. Brazil and Colombia each host (1/)1 spp. Mexico has (1/)2 spp.

Haematopodidae ‣ represented by a single genus in South America. Brazil and Colombia each have (1/)1 spp. Mexico has (1/)1 confirmed breeder, with a second species possibly breeding.

Charadriidae ‣ (2/)5 spp. breeds in Brazil (in Charadrius and Vanellus). Two additional genera breeds in southern South America: Oreopholus (breeds in Argentina and Chile; vagrant in Brazil) and Phegornis (ranges from Peru to Argentina and Chile). The genus Pluvialis is excluded, as it does not breed in South America but is a regular migrant in Brazil. Breeding species totals: Mexico (2/6), Brazil (3 of 5), Colombia (2/4), all in Charadrius and Vanellus.

Thinocoridae ‣ no species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico. Thinocorus breeds in Argentina and Chile, while Attagis breeds from Ecuador to Argentina and Chile.

Rostratulidae ‣ one breeding species in South America including Brazil (Nycticryphes); no breeding records in Mexico or Colombia.

Jacanidae ‣ one breeding species breeds in each country: Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.

Scolopacidae ‣ only Gallinago breeds in South America. Other genera such as Bartramia, Limosa, Arenaria, Xenus, Calidris, Limnodromus, Phalaropus, Actitis, and Tringa are vagrants or migrants in Brazil, with no breeding records. Breeding species totals: Brazil (1/2), Colombia (1/4 – two Andean, two widespread); no species breeds in Mexico.

Glareolidae ‣ no breeding species in South America. Glareola has only accidental records in Brazil and breeds exclusively in the Old World, primarily Africa.

Stercorariidae ‣ no species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico. Stercorarius breeds mainly in the northern Hemisphere, with two species breeding in Argentina and Chile.

Laridae ‣ (11/)16 breeding species recorded in Brazil. Additional breeding genus in South America: Creagrus (breeds only in the Galápagos and Malpelo Island, Colombia), Leucophaeus (breeds in Argentina, Chile, Galápagos, and North America), and Larosterna (breeds in Peru and Chile). Excluded genera: Chlidonias (non-breeding in South America), Ichthyaetus (Old World only), Rissa (does not breed in South America or Mexico), Xema (breeds only in the Arctic), Hydrocoloeus and Hydroprogne (restricted to North America and Eurasia). Breeding species totals: Mexico (9/16, Leucophaeus does not breed in Brazil), Brazil (11/16) and Colombia (9/11, Creagrus does not breed in Brazil).

13 EURYPYGIFORMES

Eurypygidae ‣ a family with only one species occurring from Guatemala to C Brazil.

14 PHAETHONTIFORMES

Only one genus breeds in South America. Brazil hosts (1/)3 breeding species, Mexico (1/)1 and Colombia (1/)2.

15 SPHENISCIFORMES

A order with a single family worldwide. Only three genera breed in continental South America: Aptenodytes (with breeding ranges that include Argentina and Chile), Spheniscus (including coastal areas from Ecuador to Argentina), and Eudyptes (with breeding ranges that include Argentina and Chile). No penguin species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico.

16 PROCELLARIIFORMES

In Brazil, only (2/)2 recorded species breed. In Mexico, breeding genera include Puffinus (3) and Ardenna (1). No species of this family breeds in Colombia.

Diomedeidae ‣ no species breeds in Brazil. Phoebastria breeds only in Hawaii, Guadalupe Island (Mexico), Japan, and the Galápagos. In South America, Thalassarche breeds only in the Falklands and on offshore islands of Chile. Diomedea and Phoebetria are excluded, as they do not breed in South America. No species breeds in Brazil or Colombia, and only one species breeds in Mexico.

Oceanitidae ‣ no species breeds in Brazil. In South America, Oceanites breeds in Chile and parts of Tierra del Fuego. O. gracilis is known from a single nest on a remote Chilean island. Fregetta breeds only on offshore islands of Chile. Garrodia breeds exclusively in the Falklands. Peleagodroma and Nesofregetta are excluded, as they do not breed in South America (the latter breeds in the southern Pacific and islands off Chile). No species of Oceanitidae breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico.

Hydrobatidae ‣ no species breeds in Brazil. Seven species of Hydrobates are cited for South America: H. leucorhous (no breeding records in South America), H. tethys (breeds in Ecuador and N Peru), H. hornbyi (breeds in Chile ans possibly also in Peru), H. markhami (breeds in N Chile and Peru), H. castro (considered invalid by some sources), H. melania (no breeding in South America), H. microsoma (breeds only in Mexico). None of these species breed in Brazil or Colombia. Mexico hosts 7 breeding species of Hydrobates.

Procellariidae ‣ two genera breed in Brazil. Other genera breeding elsewhere in South America include: Macronectes (breeds in Chile and Argentina), Pachyptila (breeds in the Falklands), Procellaria (breeds in the Falklands), Ardenna (breeds in Argentina and Chile), Pelecanoides (breeds in Peru, Chile, and Argentina). Excluded genera (not breeding in South America): Fulmarus (breeds north of 40°N), Thalassoica, Daption, Aphrodroma, Holobaena, Calonectris (no breeding in the New World), and Pseudobulweria.

17 CICONIIFORMES

Ciconiidae ‣ (3/)3 spp. breeds in South America, all in Brazil and Colombia. Mexico has (2/)2 breeding species.

18 SULIFORMES

Fregatidae ‣ only one genus in tropical America. Brazil has (1/)3 spp., Mexico (1/)2 and Colombia (1/)1.

Sulidae ‣ one genus breeding in South America. Excludes Morus (no breeds in New World). Mexico has (1/)5 breeding species, Brazil (1/)3 and Colombia (1/)4.

Anhingidae ‣ a single species in Neotropics, from Florida to S Brazil and NE Argentina.

Phalacrocoracidae ‣ one breeding genus in Brazil plus Poikilocarbo (breeding only in Peru to Argentina, SEE) and Leucocarbo (breeds from Peru to Argentina, SEE). Mexico has (2/)3 breeding species, Brazil and Colombia one each.

19 PELECANIFORMES

Pelecanidae ‣ only the genus Pelecanus is present. P. occidentalis breeds in Colombia and Venezuela (SEE), while P. thagus breeds from Ecuador to Chile (SEE). In Mexico, only P. occidentalis breeds. No species of Pelecanus breeds in Brazil.

Ardeidae ‣ there are 14 breeding genera in South America, all of which are breeds in Brazil. Ardeola is excluded, as it breeds only in the Old World. Species richness: Colombia (14/23), Brazil (14/19), and Mexico (10/16).

Threskiornithidae ‣ all 7 South American genera breed in Brazil, which holds (7/)8 breeding species. Colombia has (7/)9, and Mexico has (3/)4 breeding species. One species found in Colombia, Eudocimus albus, does not occur in Brazil.

20 CATHARTIFORMES

All five genera and 7 species of the family occur in Brazil, except for the two monotypic condor genera: Vultur gryphus and Gymnogyps californianus. Mexico has (4/)5 breeding species, and Colombia has (4/)6 spp.

21 ACCIPITRIFORMES

Pandionidae ‣ family composed of a single species, which does not breed in South America, but only in in Canada, NW Mexico, U.S.A. and Eurasia.

Accipitridae ‣ 25 genera breed in South America: 23 of them breed in Brazil, while two do not: Cryptoleucopteryx (Panama to Peru) and Morphnarchus (Costa Rica to Ecuador). Excludes Milvus (no breeding in New World). Colombia has (26/)46 spp., Brazil has (24/)43 breeding spp. and Mexico has (27/)34 spp. (excludes 4 migrants, 3 in Buteo, one in Ictinia).

22 STRIGIFORMES

Tytonidae ‣ a single species in New World, widely widespread.

Strigidae ‣ nine genera breeds in Brazil. Xenoglaux is the only South American genus which no breeds in Brazil (endemic to Peru). Mexico has (11/)29 spp., Colombia (9/)27 and Brazil has (9/)25 breeding spp.

22 TROGONIFORMES

Trogonidae ‣ two genera breeds in South America, both in Brazil. Colombia has (2/)17 spp., Brazil has (2/)11 and Mexico has (3/)9.

24 CORACIIFORMES

Momotidae ‣ three of the four genera that breed in South America do so in Brazil. The exception is Hylomanes (SE Mexico to NW Colombia). Colombia has (4/)6 spp., Mexico has (4/)6 and Brazil has (3/)4 spp.

Alcedinidae ‣ two genera in New World, both widely distributeds. Colombia has (2/)5 spp., Brazil (2/)5 and Mexico (2/)4. Exceludes Megaceryle alcyion, which no breeds species in America Latina.

25 GALBULIFORMES

Bucconidae ‣ 10 genera breed in Brazil, and two others breed only in neighboring countries, totaling ten genera on the continent. The exceptions are Hapaloptila (Colombia to Peru) and Hypnelus (2, Colombia and Venezuela). Colombia has (10/)26 spp, Brazil has (10/)29, Mexico has only (2/)2.

Galbulidae ‣ five breeding genera in South America, all in Brazil. Brazil has (5/)15 spp., Colombia has (4/)13 and Mexico has (1/)1.

26 PICIFORMES

Capitonidae ‣ two genera in this family, both breed in Brazil. Colombia has (2/)8 spp. and Brazil has (2/)7. Absent in Mexico.

Semnornithidae ‣ unknown in Brazil, includes only Semnornis from Costa Rica do Ecuador.

Ramphastidae ‣ five genera in this family, four breeds Brazil plus one, Andigena (Venezuela to Bolivia), does not breeds. Colombia has (5/)21 spp., Brazil (4/)22 and Mexico has only (3/)3 spp.

Picidae ‣ 8 genera breeds in South America, all in Brazil. Excludes Sphyrapicus (no breeds in South America, vagant in San Andeas, Colombia). Brazil has (8/)57 spp., Colombia has (8/)43 and Mexico has (7/)27.

27 CARIAMIFORMES

Two monotypic genera in a single family: one breeds in Brazil, while Chunga breeds in S Bolivia, N Argentina and W Paraguay.

28 FALCONIFORMES

Falconidae ‣ 7 genera breed in Brazil. Additionally, Spiziapteryx also breeds in South America (Argentina, SE Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Brazil has (7/)16 breeding species, Colombia (6/)16, and Mexico has (5/)12 spp.

29 PSITTACIFORMES

Psittacidae ‣ 26 genera breeds in Brazil, and other 7 also breeds in South America: Psilopsiagon (Peru to Argentina), Bolborgynchus (Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia), Hapalopsittaca (Venezuela to Peru), Enicognathus (Argentina and Chile), Cyanoliseus (Argentina and Chile), Leptosittaca (Colombia to Peru), Ognorhynchus (endemic to Colombia). Brazil has (26/)87 spp., Colombia (20/)56 and Mexico has (13/)31.

30. PASSERIFORMES (ALMANAQUE Z)

LAST UPDATED IN 29.09.2024
⋵: 'ENDEMICS'

Modern Passeriformes includes 21 lineages (Oliveros et al., PNAS, 2019): Acanthisittidae (3/3, New Zealand), Tyranni/Eurylaimes (Old World, with Sapaoydea in New World), Tyranii/Furnariida (New World), Tyranii/Tyrannida (New World), 4 basal lineages in Passerida (Australasia), 3 basal Passeri/Corvides (Australasia, Campephagidae up to Asia and Africa), Passeri/Corvides/Orioloidea (Old World, Vireonidae in New World), Passeri/Corvides/Malaconotoidea (Old World), Passeri/Corvides/Corvoidea (Old World, Corvidae and Laniidae in New World), 4 basal Passeri/Passerides (Old World), Passeri/Passerides/Sylviidae (cosmopolitan), Passeri/Passerides/Muscicapida (cosmopolitan) and Passeri/Passerides/Passerida (cosmopolitan).

The data below follows Birds of the World/South America, List of Bird Genera (Wikipedia), both on October 29, 2023 and, for data on nesting birds in Brazil, Pacheco et al. (Ornithology Research, 2021). Data for endemics, see Intresures/Global Rankings. National diversities: Colombia (SEE) and Mexico (SEE). Teretistridae (1/2, endemic to Cuba) is tentatively near Zeledoniidae (Wikipedia). Monarchidade and Acrocephalidae occur in Hawaii.

New World Passeriformes includes 21 families no breeding in Brazil: Laniidae (2/33, only two Lanius in New World, both breeding only in Canada and U.S.A.), Alaudidae (21/99, Old World, Eremophila alpestris in North America up to C Mexico, also in Colombia), Paridae (14/64, 13 genera in Old World, and one endemic to North America and Mexico; 2/12 spp. in Mexico), Remizidae (3/11, Old World, Auriparus flaviceps in U.S.A. to Mexico), Aegithalidae (4/13, Old World to W North America south up to Guatemala, Psaltriparus minimus in Mexico), Dulidae (1/1, Hispaniola), Bombycillidae (1/3, northern Hemisphere up to center China and California), Ptiliogonatidae (3/4, U.S.A. and Mexico to Panama), Cinclidae, Regulidae (1/6, North America to Guatemala, Eurasia, Regulus satrapa in Mexico), Sittidae (1/15, temperate Old World, 4 from Canada to Mexico, two in Mexico), Rhodinocichlidae, Certhiidae (2/10, Eurasia, Africa, North America to Nicaragua, one in Mexico), Peucedramidae (1/1, SW U.S.A. to Nicaragua), Icteriidae (1/1, Canada to Panama), Calcariidae (3/6, North America, two up to Eurasia), Calyptophilidae (1/2, Hispaniola), Zeledoniidae (1/1, Costa Rica and Panama), Nesospingidae (1/1, Porto Rico), Spindalidae (3/4, West Indies, Cozumel Is.) and Phaenicophilidae (1/4, Hispaniola).

U.S.A. includes Tyrannidae, Vireonidae, Corvidae, Laniidae (1/2 in New World), Alaudidae, Paridae, Remizidae, Aegithalidae, Hirundinidae, Bombycillidae, Ptiliogonatidae, Cinclidae, Regulidae, Sittidae, Certhidae, Turdidae, Mimidae, Polioptilidae, Trogloditydae, Peucedramidae, Icteriidae, Calcariidae, Spindalidae, Parulidae, Icteridae, Passerellidae, Fringillidae, Cardinalidae and Motacillidae. A single family of Tyranii occur in U.S.A., i.e., Tyrannidae.

Mexico leads agaisnt Brazil in Vireonidae (spp./sp.⋵), Corvidae (g/spp./sp.⋵), Alaudidae, Paridae, Aegithilidae, Remizidae, Ptiliogonatidae, Cinclidae, Regulidae, Sittidae, Rhodinocichlidae, Peucedramidae, Icteriidae, Spindalidae (all absents in Brazil), Hirundinidae (sp.⋵), Turdidae (g/spp./sp.⋵.), Mimidae (g/spp./sp.⋵), Polioptilidae (sp.⋵), Troglodytidae (g/spp./sp.⋵), Parulidae (g/spp./sp.⋵) Passerellidae (g/spp./sp.⋵), Fringillidae (g.), Cardinalidae (g/spp./sp.⋵).

Brazil includes in Tyranni (12:242/)678 spp. (145⋵), Colombia (12:235/)590 spp. (25⋵) and Mexico (9:68/)108 spp. (4⋵).

Overall, Brazil includes in Passeriformes (28:369/)1,015 spp. (196⋵), Colombia (31:380/)1,034 spp. (45⋵) and Mexico (36:206/)473 spp. (76⋵).

Brazilian genera in bold.

TYRANNY/EURYLAIMIDES ‣ all families exclusives to Old World except one in tropical America, Sapayoidae, with a single species, Sapayoa aenigma Hartert, 1903, from Panama to Colombia.

Sapayoa

TYRANNY/FURNARIDA ‣ all families exclusives to tropical America and presents in Brazil.

Melanopareiidae - a single genus with 5 spp., from Ecuador to Uruguay, M. torquata Wied, 1831 in C Brazil. 

 

Melanopareia 

 

Conopophagidae - Brazil has (1/)8spp. (4⋵), Colombia (2/)3 (none endemics). Absent in Mexico.

Conopophaga 

Pittasoma (2, Costa Rica to Ecuador)

 

Thamnophilidae - 234 spp. and all 65 genera in South America. (54/)177 spp. in Brazil (53⋵), (48/)118 in Colombia (3⋵) and (7/)7 in Mexico (none endemics). Rhopias and Rhopornis are Brazilian endemic genera.

Akletos

Ammonastes

Ampelornis

Aprositornis

Batara

Biatas

Cercomacra

Cercomacroides

Clytoctantes

Cymbilaimus

Dichrozona

Drymophila

Dysithamnus

Epinecrophylla

Euchrepomis

Formicivora

Frederickena

Gymnocichla

Gymnopithys

Hafferia

Herpsilochmus

Hylophylax

Hypocnemis

Hypocnemoides

Hypoedaleus

Isleria

Mackenziaena

Megastictus

Microrhopias

Myrmeciza

Myrmelastes

Myrmoborus

Myrmochanes

Myrmoderus

Myrmophylax

Myrmorchilus

Myrmornis

Myrmotherula

Neoctantes

Oneillornis

Percnostola

Phaenostictus

Phlegopsis

Pithys

Poliocrania

Pygiptila

Pyriglena

Radinopsyche

Rhegmatorhina

Rhopias

Rhopornis

Sakesphorus

Sakesphoroides

Sciaphylax

Sclateria

Sipia

Stymphalornis

Taraba

Terenura

Thamnistes

Thamnomanes

Thamnophilus

Willisornis

Xenornis

Grallariidae - all genera and 69 spp. in South America. Colombia has (4/)32 spp. (7⋵), Brazil (5/)13 (1⋵) and Mexico only one. All genera in this family occur in Brazil. Brazilian Cryptopezus (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay) does not occur in Colombia.

Grallaria

Cyrtopezus

Grallaricula

Hylopezus

Myrmothera

Rhinocryptidae - tapaculos; all genera and 64 spp. in South America. Colombia has (4/)19 spp. (6⋵), (5/)Brazil has 13 (10⋵). Absent in Mexico. Eleoscytalopus and Merulaxis are Brazilian endemics.

Acropternis (1, Venezuela to Peru)

Eleoscytalopus

Eugralla

Liosceles

Merulaxis

Myornis (1, Colombia to Peru)

Psilorhamphus

Pteroptochos

Rhinocrypta

Scelorchilus

Scytalopus

Teledromas

Formicariidae - both genera and 11 spp. In South America. Colombia has 8 spp. (none endemics) and Brazil 7 (1⋵), in both genera. Only one sp. in Mexico.

Chamaeza

Formicarius

Furnariidae - ovenbirds and woodcreepers; all genera and 303 spp. in South America. (53/)155 spp. in Brazil (34⋵), (46/)115 in Colombia (4⋵) and (12/)19 in Mexico (1⋵). Megaxenops, Cichlocolaptes and Acrobatornis are Brazilian endemic genera.

Acrobatornis

Anabacerthia

Anabazenops

Ancistrops

Anumbius 

Aphrastura

Asthenes

Automolus

Berlepschia

Campylorhamphus

Certhiasomus

Certhiaxis 

Cichlocolaptes

Cinclodes

Clibanornis

Coryphistera

Cranioleuca

Deconychura

Dendrexetastes

Dendrocincla

Dendrocolaptes

Dendroma

Dendroplex

Drymornis

Drymotoxeres

Furnarius

Geocerthia

Geositta

Glyphorynchus

Heliobletus

Hellmayrea

Hylexetastes

Lepidocolaptes

Leptasthenura

Limnoctites 

Limnornis

Lochmias

Margarornis

Mazaria

Megaxenops

Metopothrix

Microxenops

Nasica

Ochetorhynchus

Phacellodomus 

Philydor

Phleocryptes

Premnoplex

Premnornis

Pseudasthenes

Pseudocolaptes

Pseudoseisura

Pygarrhichas

Roraimia

Schoeniophylax

Sclerurus

Siptornis

Sittasomus

Spartonoica

Sylviorthorhynchus 

Synallaxis

Syndactyla

Tarphonomus

Thripadectes

Thripophaga

Upucerthia

Xenerpestes

Xenops

Xiphocolaptes

Xiphorhynchus

TYRANNI/TYRANNIDA ‣ all families exclusives to tropical America.

Pipridae - manakins; all genera and 52 spp. in South America. (14/)35 spp. in Brazil (7⋵), (15/)24 in Colombia (none endemics) and (3/)3 in Mexico (none endemics). Illicura is a Brazilian endemic genus.

Antilophia (Brazil and Paraguay to Bolivia)

Ceratopipra

Chiroxiphia

Chloropipo (2, Colombia to Peru).

Corapipo

Cryptopipo (1, Colombia to Peru).

Heterocercus

Ilicura

Lepidothrix

Machaeropterus

Manacus

Masius (1, Venezuela to Peru)

Neopelma

Pipra

Pseudopipra

Tyranneutes

Xenopipo

Cotingidae - cotingas and allies; all genera and 59 spp. in South America. Colombia has (18/)33 spp. (1⋵), Brazil (18/)31 (8⋵), and Mexico (2/)2 (none endemics). Carpornis is a Brazilian endemic genus.

Ampelioides (1, Venezuela to Bolivia)

Ampelion (2, Venezuela to Bolivia)

Carpodectes (3, Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Carpornis

Cephalopterus

Conioptilon

Cotinga

Doliornis (2, Colombia to Peru)

Gymnoderus

Haematoderus

Lipaugus

Perissocephalus

Phibalura

Phoenicircus

Phytotoma

Pipreola

Porphyrolaema

Procnias

Pyroderus

Querula

Rupicola

Snowornis (2, Colombia to Peru)

Xipholena

Zaratornis (1, Peru)

Tityridae - tityras and allies; all genera and 32 spp. in South America. Colombia has (6/)22 spp. (none endemics), Brazil (7/)21 (4⋵), and Mexico (3/)8 (1⋵). All genera in Brazil.

Iodopleura

Laniisoma

Laniocera

Pachyramphus

Schiffornis

Tityra

Xenopsaris

Oxyruncidae - all genera and 8 spp. in South America. 7 spp. in Colombia, 6 in Brazil, in all genera of family in both countries, and (3/)3 in Mexico. None endemics in this countries.

Myiobius

Onychorhynchus

Oxyruncus

Terenotriccus

Tyrannidae - tyrant flycatchers; 387 spp. and all genera in South America except Deltarhynchus (1, endemic to Mexico) and Xenotriccus (1, Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador). Brazil has (78/)211 spp. (23⋵), Colombia (82/)208 (4⋵), (29/)64 in Mexico (2⋵). Calyptura is a Brazilian endemic genus.

Agriornis

Alectrurus

Anairete

Aphanotriccus

Arundinicola

Atalotriccus

Attila

Calyptura

Camptostoma

Capsiempis

Casiornis

Cnemarchus

Cnemotriccus

Cnipodectes

Colonia

Colorhamphus

Conopias

Contopus

Corythopis

Culicivora

Elaenia

Empidonax

Empidonomus

Euscarthmus

Fluvicola

Griseotyrannus

Gubernetes

Guyramemua

Hemitriccus

Heteroxolmis

Hirundinea

Hymenops

Inezia

Knipolegus

Lathrotriccus

Legatus

Leptopogon

Lessonia

Lophotriccus

Machetornis

Mecocerculus

Megarynchus

Mionectes

Mitrephanes

Muscigralla

Muscipipra

Muscisaxicola

Myiarchus

Myiodynastes

Myiopagis

Myiophobus

Myiornis

Myiotheretes

Myiotriccus

Myiozetetes

Nengetus

Neopipo

Neoxolmis

Nephelomyias

Nesotriccus

Ochthoeca

Ochthornis

Oncostoma

Ornithion

Phaeomyias

Phelpsia

Philohydor

Phyllomyias

Phylloscartes

Piprites

Pitangus

Platyrinchus

Poecilotriccus

Pogonotriccus

Polioxolmis

Polystictus

Pseudelaenia

Pseudocolopteryx

Pseudotriccus

Pyrocephalus

Pyrrhomyias

Pyrope

Ramphotrigon

Rhynchocyclus

Rhytipterna

Satrapa

Sayornis

Serpophaga

Silvicultrix

Sirystes

Stigmatura

Sublegatus

Suiriri

Syrtidicola

Tachuris

Taeniotriccus

Todirostrum

Tolmomyias

Tumbezia

Tyrannopsis

Tyrannulus

Tyrannus

Uromyias

Xolmis

Zimmerius

CORVIDES/ORIOLOIDEA ‣ a huge group in Old World, only Vireonidae in New World.

Vireonidae - vireos and allies; 31 spp. in South America. All genera in South America except Asian Erpornis and Pteruthius. Mexico has (5/)26 spp. (4⋵), Colombia (6/)22 (2⋵) and Brazil only (6/)17 (3⋵).

Cyclarhis

Hylophilus

Pachysylvia

Tunchiornis

Vireo

Vireolanius

CORVIDES/CORVOIDEA ‣ a huge group in Old World, only Corvidae and Laniidae (2/33, only two Lanius in New World, both breeding only in Canada and U.S.A.) in New World, the latter absent in South America.

Corvidae - seven genera from Mexico southwards: Corvus (subcosmopolitam, 45 spp., 5 in Mexico), Calocitta (2, Mexico to Costa Rica), Psilorhinus (1, Texas to Costa Rica), Aphelocoma (7, U.S.A. to Mexico), Nucifraga (3, 2 in Asia and one from Canada to N Mexico) and two in South America. Mexico has (7/)25 spp. (9⋵, inc. two Corvus), Colombia (2/)7 (none endemics) and Brazil (1/)8 (2⋵). 

 

Cyanocorax 

Cyanolyca (9, 5 in Mesoamerica, 4 in South America, Venezuela to Bolivia, none national endemics)

PASSERIDES/SYLVIIDA ‣ a mainly afrotropical group, with six families in New World: Alaudidae (21/99, Old World, only one in North America up to C Mexico), Paridae (14/64, 13 genera in Old World, and one endemic to North America and Mexico), Donacobiidae, Hirudinidae, Remizidae (3/11, Old World, North America to Mexico) and Aegithalidae (4/13, Old World to W North America south up to Guatemala).

Alaudidae - larks; 21 genera, only one spp. in South America.

Eremophila

Donacobiidae - a single genus and species, from S Panama to S Brazil. 

 

Donacobius

Hirundinidae - no New World outsiders. Colombia has (10/)20 spp. (none endemics), Brazil (9/)17 (none endemics) and Mexico (8/)13 (1⋵).

Alopochelidon

Atticora

Hirundo

Orochelidon (3, Venezuela to Argentina)

Petrochelidon

Progne

Pygochelidon

Riparia

Stelgidopteryx

Tachycineta

PASSERIDES/MUSCICAPIDA ‣ a mainly North American group, with 12 families in New World: Dulidae (1/1, Hispaniola), Bombycillidae (1/3, northern Hemisphere up to center China and California), Ptiliogonatidae (3/4, Mexico to Panama and U.S.A.), Cinclidae, Turdidae, Mimidae, Regulidae (1/6, North America to Guatemala, Eurasia), Sittidae (1/15, temperate Old World, 4 from Canada to Mexico), Certhiidae (2/10, Eurasia, Africa, North America to Nicaragua), Polioptilidae and Troglodytidae.

Cinclidae - 5 spp. in a single genus, one from Alaska to Costa Rica, two in Eurasia and two in South America. South America members are C. schulzii Cabanis, 1882 and C. leucocephalus Tschudi, 1844

Cinclus

Turdidae - thrushes and allies; 41 spp. in South America. Outsiders in New World: Ixoreus (1, Canada to Mexico), Ridgwayia (1, Mexico), Sialia (3, U.S.A to Nicaragua). Colombia has (5/)28 spp. (none endemics), Mexico (6/)24 (4⋵) and Brazil only (3/)21 (none endemics). Hylochchla is here not considered in Colombia or Mexico (SEE).

Catharus

Cichlopsis 

Entomodestes (2, Colombia to Bolivia)

Hylocichla

Myadestes (12, Mexico to Bolivia, Caribbean and Hawaii, only one in South America.)

Platycichla

Turdus

Mimidae - mockingbirds and thrashers; 10 spp. in South America. Outsiders: Allenia (5, Caribbean), Cinclocerthia (2, Caribbean), Margarops (1, Caribbean), Melanoptila (1, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala), Melanotis (2, Mexico to Honduras), Dumatella (1, breeding in Canada and U.S.A.), Toxostoma (11, U.S.A to Mexico), Oreoscoptes (1, Canada to Mexico) and Ramphocinclus (1, Caribeban). Mexico has (5/)17 spp. (5⋵), Colombia (1/)1 (none endemics) and Brazil (1/)3 (none endemics). Dumetella is rejeted from Colombia and Mexico (SEE).

Mimus

Polioptilidae - all genera and 14 spp. in South America, all genera in South America. Brazil has (3/)10 spp. (none endemics), Colombia has (3/)7 (none endemics) and Mexico (2/)8 (1⋵).

Microbates

Ramphocaenus

Polioptila

Troglodytidae - 50 spp. in South America. Outsiders: Catherpes (1, Canada to Mexico), Ferminia (1, Cuba), Hylorchilus (2, endemic to Mexico), Salpinctes (1, Canada to Honduras), Thryomanes (1, Canada to Mexico), Thryothorus (1, Canada to Mexico), Thryorchilus (1, Costa Rica and Panama), Uropsila (1, Mexico to Honduras). (11/)35 in Colombia (7⋵), (14/)33 in Mexico (13⋵) and (9/)17 in Brazil (2⋵).

Campylorhynchus

Cantorchilus

Cinnycerthia (4, Venezuela to Peru)

Cistothorus

Cyphorhinus

Henicorhina

Microcerculus

Odontorchilus

Pheugopedius

Thryophilus (5, Mexico to Colombia).

Troglodytes

PASSERIDES/PASSERIDA ‣ a mainly Neotropcal group, slightly diverse in Africa, with 14 families in New World: Peucedramidae (1/1, SW U.S.A. to Nicaragua), Motacillidae, Fringillidae, Icteriidae (1/1, Canada to Panama), Rhodinocichlidae, Calcariidae (3/6, North America, two up to Eurasia, absent in Mexico), Cardinallidae, Mitrospongidae, Thraupidae, Passerelidae, Parulidae, Icteridae, Calyptophilidae (1/2, Hispaniola), Zeledoniidae (1/1, Costa Rica and Panama), Nesospingidae (1/1, Porto Rico), Spindalidae (3/4, West Indies, Cozumel Is.) and Phaenicophilidae (1/4, Hispaniola).

Rhodinocichlidae - a single species, Rhodinocichla rosea Lesson, 1832, highly disjunct in Mexico, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela.

 

Thraupidae - tanagers and allies, 387 spp. in South America; all genera in South America except Acanthidops (1, Costa Rica and Panama), Euneornis (1, Jamaica), Loxigilla (2, Caribbean), Rowettia (1, Gough Is.), Pinaroloxias (1, Cocos, Costa Rica), Nesospiza (3, Tristan de Cunha), Loxipasser (1, Jamaica) and Melopyrrha (5, Caribbean).

(61/)176 spp. in Colombia (8⋵), (51/)150 in Brazil (24⋵) and (15/)25 in Mexico (1⋵). Compsothraupis, Orchesticus and Castanozoster are Brazilian endemic genera.

Anisognathus

Asemospiza

Bangsia

Buthraupis

Calochaetes

Camarhynchus

Castanozoster 

Catamblyrhynchus

Catamenia

Certhidea

Charitospiza

Chalcothraupis

Chlorochrysa

Chlorophanes

Chlorornis

Chrysothlypis

Cissopis

Cnemathraupis

Cnemoscopus

Coereba

Compsospiza

Compsothraupis

Conirostrum

Conothraupis

Coryphaspiza

Coryphospingus

Creurgops

Cyanerpes

Cyanicterus

Cypsnagra

Dacnis

Diglossa

Diuca

Dolospingus

Donacospiza 

Dubusia

Emberizoides

Embernagra

Eucometis

Geospiza

Geospizopsis

Gubernatrix

Haplospiza

Heliothraupis

Hemithraupis

Heterospingus

Idiopsar

Incaspiza

Iridophanes

Iridosornis

Ixothraupis

Kleinothraupis

Lanio

Lophospingus

Loriotus

Melanodera

Melanospiza

Microspingus

Nemosia

Neothraupis

Nephelornis

Orchesticus

Parkerthraustes

Paroaria

Phrygilus

Piezorina

Pipraeidea

Platyspiza

Poecilostreptus

Poospiza

Pseudosaltator

Pseudospingus

Pyrrhocoma

Ramphocelus

Rauenia

Rhodospingus

Rhopospina

Saltator

Saltatricula

Schistochlamys

Sericossypha

Sicalis

Sphenopsis

Sporathraupis

Sporophila

Stephanophorus

Stilpnia

Tachyphonus

Tangara

Tersina

Thephropilus

Thlypopsis

Thraupis

Tiaris

Trichothraupis

Urothraupis

Volatinia

Wetmorethraupis

Xenodacnis

Xenospingus

Parulidae - New World warblers. (6/)24 spp. breeds in Mexico (6⋵), (5/)20 in Colombia (4⋵), and only (5/)11 in Brazil (1⋵). In Mexico breeds Oreothlypis (1), Leiothlypis (3), Geothlypis (7), Basileuterus (5), Cardellina (3) and Setophaga (5). In Colombia breeds Geothlypis (2), Basileuterus (4), Myioborus (4), Myiothlypis (9) and Setophaga (1). In Brazil breeds Geothlypis (2), Basileuterus (1), Myioborus (2), Myiothlypis (5) and Setophaga (1)

 

Basileuterus

Geothlypis

Myioborus

Myiothlypis

Setophaga

Icteridae - grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles; only three genera absents in South Ameria: Agelaius (5, Canada to Costa Rica and Caribbean), Euphagus (2, U.S.A. to Mexico), Nesopsar (1, Jamaica). (15/)41 spp. in Colombia (4⋵), (19/)40 in Brazil (4⋵) and (12/)37 in Mexico (3⋵). Anamura is a Brazilian endemic genus, and Hypopyrrhus a Colombia endemic.

Agelaioides

Agelasticus

Amblycercus

Amblyramphus

Anumara

Cacicus

Chrysomus

Curaeus

Dives

Dolichonyx

Gnorimopsar

Gymnomystax

Hypopyrrhus

Icterus

Lampropsar

Leistes

Macroagelaius

Molothrus

Oreopsar

Psarocolius

Pseudoleistes

Quiscalus

Sturnella

Xanthocephalus

Xanthopsar

Passerellidae - New World sparrows; 62 spp. in South America. Ousiders: Aimophila (3, Mexico to Nicaragua), Amphispiza (1, U.S.A. to Mexico), Artemisiospiza (2, U.S.A to Mexco), Calamospiza (1, Canada to Mexico), Chondestes (1, Canada to Mexico), Junco (5, Canada to Panamá), Melospiza (3, Canada to Mexico), Melozone (8, U.S.A. to Costa Rica), Oriturus (1, Mexico), Passerculus (1, breeding from Canada to U.S.A., vagant up to Mexico), Passerella (1, Canada, U.S.A.), Peucaea (8 U.S.A. to Costa Rica), Pezopetes (1, Panama to Costa Rica), Pipilo (4, Canada to Mexico), Pooecetes (1, Canada to Mexico), Spizella (6, Canada to Nicaragua), Spizelloides (1, Canada to U.S.A.), Torreornis (1, Cuba) and Xenospiza (1, Mexico). 

 

(24/)61 spp. in Mexico (17⋵; excluded Passerella), (7/)36 in Colombia (6⋵), and (5/)9 in Brazil (2⋵).

Ammodramus

Arremon

Arremonops

Atlapetes

Chlorospingus (8, S Mexico to NW Argentina, absent in Brazil)

Oreothraupis (1, Colombia to Ecuador)

Rhynchospiza

Zonotrichia

Fringillidae - true finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers. Outsiders: Coccothraustes (North America, Mexico, Central America), Pinicola (Holartic inc. North America), Leucosticte (Old World and North America), Acanthis (Holartic, North America), Loxia (North America, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean) and Haemorhous (North America, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean). 

 

(3/)22 spp. in Colombia, (6/)16 in Mexico, and only (3/)16 in Brazil, one endemic in each country. Mexico includes breeding species in Euphonia (5), Chlorophonia (2), Coccothraustes (2), Haemohous (1), Loxia (1), Spinus (5).

Chlorophonia

Euphonia

Spinus

Cardinalidae - cardinals and allies; outsiders: Cyanocompsa (1, Mexico to Nicaragua), Spiza, Passerina and Rhodothraupis (1, Mexico). (12/)27 in Mexico (7⋵), (9/)21 in Colombia (2⋵; excludes Pheucticus ludovicianus, Passerina and Spiza) and (7/)11 in Brazil (1⋵; excludes Pheucticus aureoventris). 

 

Mexico breeds in Piranga (7), Habia (2), Periporphyrus (1), Caryothraustes (1), Cardinalis (1), Periporphyrus (1), Pheucticus (2), Granatellus (2), Amaurospiza (1), Cyanolaxa (1), Cyanocompsa (1) and Passerina (7).

Amaurospiza

Cardinalis (3, two from Canada to Belize, one in Colombia to Venezuela)

Caryothraustes

Chlorothraupis (4, Nicaragua to Bolivia).

Cyanoloxia

Granatellus

Habia

Periporphyrus

Pheucticus

Piranga

Motacillidae - 11 spp. in South America, Motacilla is a outsider (breeding only in Alaska at New World). Mexico has 4 spp., Brazil has 5, and Colombia has 2, all in Anthus, none national endemics.

Anthus 

Mitrospingidae - 4 spp. in South America, in all genera. Brazil has 3 spp. in all genera, Colombia only one. Absent in Mexico. Orthogonys is a Brazilian endemic genus.

Lamprospiza

Mitrospingus

Orthogonys