IN WORLD
In this post, we address the diversity of Aves in America Latina and compare it with the diversity of Mexico and Colombia in each order. For our list of breeding species in Brazil we follow the data from Pacheco, F et al. (Ornithology Research, 2021), totaling (53:281/)697 spp. of non-Passeriformes and (28:369/)1,015 of Passeriformes. Altogether, we report (81:650/)1,712 breeding species in Brazil. According to the data collected here, Colombia has (81:682/)1,765 breeding birds and Mexico has (85/432)904.
Below, all numerical references to Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico refer exclusively to breeding species within each country. The families listed for each order include only those with historical records on the continent, regardless of their current status, and exclude families occurring elsewhere in the world, even those present in Mexico but absent from South America.
National links in Birds of the World: Brazil | Colombia | Mexico.
43 living orders worldwide, 12 not breeds in New World: Struthioniformes (1:1/2), Apterygiformes (1:1/5), Casuariiformes (1:2/4), Mesitornithiformes (1:2/3), Pterocliformes (1:2/16), Otidiformes (1:12/16), Musophagiformes (1:5/23), Podargiformes (1:3/16), Aegotheliformes (1:1/10), Coliiformes (1:2/6), Leptosomiformes (1:1/1) and Bucerotiformes (4:19/75), and 31 breeds in New World: Rheiformes, Tinamiformes, Anseriformes, Galliformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes (including Nyctibiiformes, Steatornithiformes and Apodiformes), Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Podicipediformes, Opisthocomiformes, Eurypygiformes, Phaethontiformes, Gaviiformes, Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, Ciconiiformes, Suliformes, Pelecaniformes, Cathartiformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Trogoniformes, Coraciiformes, Galbuliformes, Piciformes, Carimifomes, Falconiformes, Psittaciformes and Passeriformes. All orders that breed in the New World also breed in South America, except Gaviiformes.
Only three orders that breed in New World do not breed in Brazil: Sphenisciformes, Gaviiformes and Phoenicopteriformes. Two breeding orders in Brazil, Rheiformes and Cariamiformes, do not breed in Colombia. Cariamiformes, Opisthocomiformes, Steatornithiformes, and Rheiformes — all of which breed in Brazil — do not breed in either Mexico or the USA.
Except for Passeriformes, seven families breed in Mexico but not in Brazil: Alcidae (4, Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthliboramphus scrippsi, S. hypoleucus and S. craveri), Phasianidae (2, Maleagris), Diomedeidae (Phoebastria immutabilis, breeding only off NW Mexico, and in Hawaii), Hydrobatidae (7 breeding species in Pacific coast of Mexico, 4 endemics), Pelecanidae (Pelecanus occidentalis), Pandionidae (1) and Phoenicoptridae (1). Except Passeriformes, Brazil includes 8 breeding families which do not beeds in Mexico: Rheidae, Opistochomidae, Cariamidae, Anhimidae, Psophiidae, Steatornitidae, Rostratulidae and Capitonidae. 12 breeding Passerifomes families in Mexico do not occur in Brazil: Alaudidae, Paridae, Aegithilidae, Remizidae, Ptiliogonatidae, Cinclidae, Regulidae, Sittidae, Rhodinocichlidae, Peucedramidae, Icteriidae and Spindalidae.
High relevant updates: Tinamidae (SEE | current Tinamus as Pezus, new Tinamus out Crypturellus, Taoniscus under Nothura, new genus for Nothoprocta cinerascens).
STRUTHIORNIFORMES
1 RHEIFORMES - a single family worldwide, Rheidae, with two species in C & S South America, R. americana (Linnaeus, 1758) from NE Brazil to C Bolivia, south up to C Argentina, and R. pennata d'Orbigny, 1834 from S Peru to Paragonia. Unknown in Colombia and Mexico.
2 TINAMIFORMES - (9/)46 spp. worldwide in a single family worldwide, Tinamidae, all breeding in South America, 5 in Brazil and four absents: Nothocercus (Costa Rica to Bolivia), Nothoprocta (Ecuador to Argentina and Paraguay), Eudromia (Paraguay to Chile), and Tinamotis (Peru to Argentina and Chile). Colombia has (4/)19 spp., Brazil has (5/)24 and Mexico has (2/)4 spp.
APTERYGIFORMES
CASUARIIFORMES
3 ANSERIFORMES - three families worldwide, two in New World and Anseranatidae (only Anseranas semipalmata Latham, 1798, from N Australia and S New Guinea).
ANHIMIDAE
(2/)3 spp. exlcusive from South America. Brazil and Colombia has (2/)2 spp. each.
ANATIDAE
(58/)150 spp. worldwide. (14/)20 breeding species in Brazil, (10/)13 in Colombia and (8/)13 in Mexico. 7 genera that breed in South America do not breed in Brazil: Chloephaga (breeding only from Peru to Argentina, vagant in Brazil), Tachyeres (breeding only in Argentina and Chile), Lophonetta (Peru to Argentina), Speculanas (breeding only from Argentina and Chile), Merganetta (breeding from Venezuela to Argentina), Mareca (breeding from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, vagant in Brazil), and Oxyura (breeding in Argentina and Chile, vagant in Brazil).
4 GALLIFORMES - five families, three of these in New World, two native to South America, and two unknown (Megapodiidae-7/20 from Asia to Oceania and Nudimidae-4/8 from Africa).
PHASIANIDAE
(54/)185 spp. worldwide. All New World Phasianidae belong to the tribe Tetraonini and are absent from South America, including Canachites-1, Lagopus-3, Tympanuchus-3, Dendragapus-2, Centrocercus-2, and Bonasa-1, all occurring in Canada and the United States; and Meleagris-2, ranging from Canada to Guatemala.
CRACIDAE
(10/)57 spp., six genera breeding in Brazil and four unknown: Penelopina (1, Mexico to Honduras), Oreophasis (1, Mexico to Honduras), Pauxi (3, Venezuela to Bolivia) and Chamaepetes (2, Costa Rica to Bolivia). Colombia has (9/)26 spp., Brazil (6/)26 and Mexico has (5/)8.
ODONTHOPHORIDAE
(10/)34 spp. exclusive from New World, two genera breeding in Brazil and one, Rhynchortyx (America Central to Colombia and Ecuador), breeds in South America however no breeds in Brazil. Mexico has (8/)15 breeding spp., Colombia (3/)10 and Brazil has only (2/)4.
5 PHOENICOPTERIFORMES - a single family worldwide, Phoenicopteridae, with three genera: Phoeniconaias-1 from Africa and Asia, Phoenicoparrus-2 (2, both breeding in high Andes from SW Peru to NW Argentina, mainly in saline lagoons) and Phoenicopterus (3, 1 from Europe to Africa and Asia, P. chilensis Molina, 1782 breeding from Peru to Argentina/WaterBirds, and P. ruber Linnaeus, 1758, breeding in Galápagos, coastal Colombia, Venezuela and nearby islands, Trinidad and Tobago, along the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, Virgin Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands (Plos One), vagant in Brazil.
6 PODICIPEDIFORMES - (6/)22 spp. in a single family worldwide, Podicipedidae, with 4 breeding genera in South America, all of these in Brazil. Mexico includes (4/)5 breeding spp., Colombia (3/)4 and Brazil has (4/)4.
7 COLUMBIFORMES - (53/)353 spp. a single family worldwide, Columbidae, with 10 genera breeding in South America, 8 of these in Brazil and two uncollected in country, Metriopelia (4, Colombia to Argentina, Wiki) and Zentrygon (8, Mexico to Argentina, Wiki). Excludes Old World genera Streptopelia, Columba, Chalcophaps, Geopelia and Spilopelia. Leptotrygon now inside in Geotrygon. (10/)35 spp. in Colombia, (8/)22 in Brazil and (9/)23 in Mexico.
MUSOPHAGIFORMES
OTIDIFORMES
MESITHORNITHIFORMES
PTEROCLIFORMES
8 CUCULIFORMES - (33/)150 spp. worldwide in a single family worldwide, Cuculidae, with all nine native breeding South American genera breeds in Brazil. Colombia has (7/)20 spp., Brazil (8/)17 and Mexico (7/)11.
9 OPISTHOCOMIFORMES - an order with only one species, Opisthocomus hoazin (Müller, 1776), restricted to the Amazon Basin from Venezuela to Ecuador, Bolivia and N Brazil.
10 GRUIFORMES - six families worldwide, five in New World, and Sarothruridae (3/15, Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa, with the genus Rallicula being restricted to New Guinea and the Moluccas). (4:19/)41 spp. of this order breeds in Brazil.
GRUIDAE
(4/)15 spp. worldwide, known from northern Hemisphere, Africa and Australia (MAP), two in South America, Grus americana (Linnaeus, 1758) from N Canada to Texas and Florida, breeding in Alberta and Winsconsin, and Antigone canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758), from Siberia to N Mexico and Cuba (MAP).
RALLIDAE
(38/)148 spp. worldwide. All genera that occur in South America breed in Brazil. Crex (breeds only in Old World) is excluded. Breeding species totals: Brazil (16/31), Colombia (15/27), and Mexico (11/18).
HELIORNTHIDAE
Includes three spp., Podica senegalensis in Africa (Vieillot, 1817), Heliopais personatus (G.R. Gray, 1849) in S & SE Asia, and Heliornis fulica (Boddaert, 1783), from E Mexico to S Brazil, unknwon in the Caribbean.
ARAMIDAE
A single species, Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), ranging from Florida and E Mexico to NE Argentina and over Brazil, including the Caribbean.
PSOPHIIDAE
(1/)8 spp. breeds in Amazon Basin (PBS), all in Brazil (5 endemic), only one in Colombia, and unknwon in Mexico.
11 CHARADRIIFORMES - 19 families worldwide, 14 with records in New World, plus Pluvianidae (1, N Africa), Ibidorhynchidae (1, C Asia), Pedionomidae (1, endemic to Australia), Turnicidae (2/18, all in tropical and temperate regions of Old World) and Dromadidae (1, coasts of Indian Ocean). (8:19/)28 spp. in Brazil.
NO BREEDING IN BRAZIL, MEXICO AND COLOMBIA
CHIONIDAE
Two antarctic species in Chionis, one of these breeding in southern coastal regions of Argentina and Chile. No species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico.
PLUVIANELLIDAE
A monotypic family, represented by Pluvianellus socialis G.R. Gray, 1846, which breeds exclusively in coasts for SE Argentina and S Chile (Wiki).
THINOCORIDAE
4 spp. in two genera, Thinocorus and Attagis, all exclusive from W South America from Ecuador to Patagonia .No species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico.
GLAREOLIDAE
(4/)17 spp., none breeding in New World (Wiki). Glareola has only accidental records in Brazil.
STERCOARIIDAE
7 spp. in a single genus, Stercorarius, 3 breeding only in Arctic, two only in Antarctic, S. skua (Brünnich, 1764) only in northern Atlantic, and S. chilensis Bonaparte, 1857 breeds only in S Chile and S Argentina. No species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico, and only vagant in tropical regions of the world.
BREEDING IN BRAZIL, MEXICO OR COLOMBIA
ALCIDAE
(11/)25 spp. worldwide.
BURHINIDAE
(3/)10 spp. worldwide, two species in New World, Hesperoburhinus superciliaris (Tschudi, 1843) from S Ecuador to N Chile, and H. bistriatus (Wagler, 1829) from S Mexico to Costa Rica, E Colombia, Caribbean, and Amapá state in N Brazil.
RECURVIROSTRIDAE
(3/)10 spp. worldwide. Himantopus mexicanus (P.L.S.Müller, 1776) from N USA to S Argentina and Caribbean, Recurvirostra americana Gmelin, JF, 1789 from Canada to Guatemala and Cuba, and R. andina Philippi & Landbeck, 1861 from C Peru to NW Argentina. Brazil and Colombia each host (1/)1 spp. Mexico has (1/)2 spp.
HAEMATOPODIDAE
11 living spp. all in Haematopus (Wiki), 5 only in Australia and New Zealand, 1 inly on southern Africa, 1 only north of Equator in Old World, two in W & S South America, 1 from Alaska to W Mexico, and wiely intropical America. Brazil and Colombia each have (1/)1 spp. Mexico has (1/)1 confirmed breeder, with a second species possibly breeding.
CHARADRIIDAE
(12/)69 spp. worldwide. (2/)5 spp. breeds in Brazil (in Charadrius and Vanellus). Two additional genera breeds in southern South America: Oreopholus (breeds in Argentina and Chile, vagrant in Brazil) and Phegornis (ranges from Peru to Argentina and Chile). The genus Pluvialis is excluded, as it does not breed in South America but is a regular migrant in Brazil. Breeding species totals: Mexico (2/6), Brazil (2/5), Colombia (2/4), all in Charadrius and Vanellus.
ROSTRATULIDAE
Three species worldwide, two in Rostratula from Old World, and Nycticryphes semicollaris (Vieillot, 1816) from S Brazil to S Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and C Chile. Unknown in Colombia and Mexico.
JACANIDAE
(6/)8 spp. worldwide, two in New World, both in Jacana, one from Mexico and Cuba to Panama, and one from Panama and South America, ovelopping in Panama.
SCOLOPACIDAE
(15/)98 spp. worldwide. Only Gallinago breeds in South America. Other genera such as Bartramia, Limosa, Arenaria, Xenus, Calidris, Limnodromus, Phalaropus, Actitis, and Tringa are vagrants or migrants in Brazil, with no breeding records. Breeding species totals by country are Brazil (1/2), Colombia (1/4 – two Andean, two widespread). No breed species reported in Mexico.
LARIDAE
(23)/105 spp. worldwide. Breeding species totals by country are Mexico (9/16, Leucophaeus does not breed in Brazil), Brazil (11/16) and Colombia (9/11, Creagrus does not breed in Brazil). Additional breeding genus in South America: Creagrus (breeds only in the Galápagos and Malpelo Island, Colombia), Leucophaeus (breeds in Argentina, Chile, Galápagos, and North America), and Larosterna (breeds in Peru and Chile). Excluded genera: Chlidonias (non-breeding in South America), Ichthyaetus (Old World only), Rissa (does not breed in South America or Mexico), Xema (breeds only in the Arctic), Hydrocoloeus and Hydroprogne (restricted to North America and Eurasia).
PODARGIFORMES
AEGOTHELIFORMES
12. CAPRIMULGIFORMES - Six families worldwide, 5 in New World plus Hemiprocnidae (1/4, India and SE Asia through Indonesia to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands).
CAPRIMULGIDAE
(22/)98 spp. worldwide. Nine genera breeds in Brazil and one South American breeding genus does not occur in Brazil: Uropsalis (2, Venezuela to Argentina). Brazil has (12/)25 breeding spp., Colombia has (11/)22 and Mexico has (7/)14.
STEATHORNITIDAE
Includes e single species, Steatornis caripensis Humboldt, 1817, breeding from Costa Rica to Bolivia and N Brazil (AM, RR states), uknown in Mexico.
NYCTIBIIDAE
(2/)7 spp. exclusive from tropical America. Both genera breeds in South America, both in Brazil. Colombia has (2/)6 breeding spp., Brazil has (2/)5 and Mexico has (1/)2. Colombia has Nyctibius maculosus Ridgway, 1912 unknown of Brazil.
APODIDAE
(19/)100 spp. worldwide. Six genera breeds in South America, all in Brazil. Excludes Old World Apus. Brazil has (6/)15 breeding spp., Colombia has (6/)17 and Mexico has (5/)10 spp.
TROCHILIDAE
(113/)375 spp. genera worldwide. Colombia has (65/)164 spp. (18 endemics), Brazil (35/)89 (18 endemics), Mexico (28/)59 (18 endemics). All genera are listed below. Brazilian genera in black bold. Trochilidae has nine lineages, all in Brazil except Patagoninae, monotypic with Patagona gigas Vieillot, 1824, from SW Colombia to NW Argentina and Chile (Wikipedia).
Abeillia
Adelomyia
Aglaeactis
Aglaiocercus
Amazilia
Androdon
Anopetia
Anthocephala
Anthracothorax
Aphantochroa
Archilochus
Atthis
Augastes
Avocettula
Basilinna
Boissonneaua
Calliphlox
Calothorax
Calypte
Campylopterus
Chaetocercus
Chalcostigma
Chalybura
Chionomesa
Chlorestes
Chlorostilbon
Chrysolampis
Chrysuronia
Coeligena
Colibri
Cyanophaia
Cynanthus
Damophila
Discosura
Doricha
Doryfera
Elliotomyia
Elvira
Ensifera
Eriocnemis
Eugenes
Eulampis
Eulidia
Eupetomena
Eupherusa
Eutoxeres
Florisuga
Glaucis
Goethalsia
Goldmania
Haplophaedia
Heliactin
Heliangelus
Heliodoxa
Heliomaster
Heliothryx
Hylocharis
Hylonympha
Klais
Lafresnaya
Lampornis
Lamprolaima
Lepidopyga
Lesbia
Leucippus
Leucochloris
Loddigesia
Lophornis
Mellisuga
Metallura
Microchera
Microstilbon
Myrmia
Myrtis
Ocreatus
Opisthoprora
Oreonympha
Oreotrochilus
Orthorhyncus
Oxypogon
Panterpe
Patagona
Phaeochroa
Phaethornis
Phlogophilus
Polyonymus
Polytmus
Pterophanes
Ramphodon
Ramphomicron
Rhodopis
Sappho
Schistes
Selasphorus
Sephanoides
Saucerottia
Stephanoxis
Sternoclyta
Taphrolesbia
Taphrospilus
Thalaphorus
Thalurania
Thaumastura
Threnetes
Tilmatura
Topaza
Trochilus
Urochroa
Urosticte
Hummingbirds have the highest mass-specific metabolic rate of any homeothermic animal.
PHYLOGENY OF TROCHILIDAE
13 EURYPYGIFORMES - an order formed by the kagus, comprising by Rhynochetos jubatus Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860 in Rhynochetidae endemic to New Caledonia, and Eurypyga helias (Pallas, 1781) in Eurypygidae, from the tropical regions of the Americas, occurring from Guatemala to C Brazil and C Bolivia, unknown in Mexico and Caribbean.
14 PHAETHONTIFORMES - 3 spp. worldwide, all in Phaethon and breeding in Brazil. Mexico hosts (1/)1 breeding species, and Colombia (1/)2 spp.
15 GAVIIFORMES - 5 spp. worldwide, all breeding in North America: G. stellata (northern hemisphere generally north of 50°, inland in summer and in coastal areas in winter as far south as Florida and southern China), G. arctica (northern Europe and Asia, breeding inland and wintering on Atlantic and Pacific coasts, also in W Alaska), G. pacifica (northern Canada and eastern Siberia, and winters along the Pacific coast of North America), G. immer (coasts and lakes of Canada and the US as far south as Mexico, and on the Atlantic coast of Europe) and G. adamsii (breeds in the north of Russia, Canada, and Alaska, USA). Unknown in Mexico, Colombia or Brazil.
16 SPHENISCIFORMES - a order with a single family worldwide. Six genera breeds in contineltal South America. No penguin species breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico.
Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller, JF, 1778 (Kerguelen and Crozet, Prince Edward, Heard and McDonald, and Macquarie, South Georgia, Malvinas, southern Chile, South Sandwich and South Shetland, Bird Life).
Eudyptes chrysolophus Brandt, 1837 (the most common penguin, breeds Chile, Malvinas in Argentina, South Georgia and the South Sandwich, the South Orkney and South Shetland, Bouvet, Prince Edward and Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard and McDonald and very locally on the Antarctic Peninsula, Bird Life).
E. chrysochrome Forster, JR, 1781 (Malvinas islands off Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Prince Edward and Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard and McDonald, The Animal Life).
Spheniscus magellanicus Forster 1781 (Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America, in 67 sites in Argentina, at least 31 in Chile, and at least 100 in Malvinas Islands in Argentina, Bird Life).
S. humboldti Meyen 1834 (breeding in 49 sites from Isla Foca/5° 12´S in Peru down to Isla Guafo/43° 32´S in southern Chile, Bird Life).
S. mendiculus Sundevall 1871 (endemic to the Galápagos archipelago, Bird Life).
17 PROCELLARIIFORMES - an order of seabirds that comprises four families, all in South America: the albatrosses, the petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels.
DIOMEDEIDAE
(4/)22 spp. worldwide. No species breeds in Brazil. Phoebastria breeds only in Hawaii, Guadalupe Island (Mexico), Japan, and the Galápagos. In South America, Thalassarche breeds only in the Falklands and on offshore islands of Chile. Diomedea and Phoebetria are excluded, as they do not breed in South America. No species breeds in Brazil or Colombia, and only one species breeds in Mexico.
OCEANITIDAE
No species breeds in Brazil. In South America, Oceanites breeds in Chile and parts of Tierra del Fuego. O. gracilis is known from a single nest on a remote Chilean island. Fregetta breeds only on offshore islands of Chile. Garrodia breeds exclusively in the Falklands. Peleagodroma and Nesofregetta are excluded, as they do not breed in South America (the latter breeds in the southern Pacific and islands off Chile). No species of Oceanitidae breeds in Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico.
HYDROBATIDAE
No species breeds in Brazil. Seven species of Hydrobates are cited for South America: H. leucorhous (no breeding records in South America), H. tethys (breeds in Ecuador and N Peru), H. hornbyi (breeds in Chile ans possibly also in Peru), H. markhami (breeds in N Chile and Peru), H. castro (considered invalid by some sources), H. melania (no breeding in South America), H. microsoma (breeds only in Mexico). None of these species breed in Brazil or Colombia. Mexico hosts 7 breeding species of Hydrobates.
PROCELLARIIDAE
In Brazil, only (2/)2 recorded species breeds. In Mexico, breeding genera include Puffinus (3) and Ardenna (1). No species of this family breeds in Colombia. Other genera breeding elsewhere in South America include: Macronectes (breeds in Chile and Argentina), Pachyptila (breeds in the Falklands), Procellaria (breeds in the Falklands), Ardenna (breeds in Argentina and Chile), Pelecanoides (breeds in Peru, Chile, and Argentina). Excluded genera (not breeding in South America): Fulmarus (breeds north of 40°N), Thalassoica, Daption, Aphrodroma, Holobaena, Calonectris (no breeding in the New World), and Pseudobulweria.
18 CICONIIFORMES - (6/)20 spp. worldwide in a single family, Ciconiidae, with (3/)3 spp. breeding in New World, all in South America, all in Brazil and Colombia. Mexico has (2/)2 breeding species.
19 SULIFORMES - four families worldwide, all occur in New World.
FREGATIDAE
5 spp. worldwide, all in Fregata. Brazil has (1/)3 breeding spp., Mexico (1/)2 and Colombia (1/)1.
SULIDAE
(3/)10 spp. worldwide. Only one genus breeding in South America, Sula. Excludes Morus (no breeds in New World). Mexico has (1/)5 breeding species, Brazil (1/)3 and Colombia (1/)4.
ANHINGIDAE
4 spp. worldwide, all in Anhinga. A single species in Neotropics, Anhinga anhinga (Linnaeus, 1766), from SE USA to S Brazil and NE Argentina.
PHALACROCORACIDAE
(7/)40 spp. worldwide. Nannopterum breeds in Brazil (1). Poikilocarbo (breeding only in Peru to Argentina, BirdLife) and Leucocarbo (breeds from Peru to Argentina, WIKI) also in South America. Mexico has (2/)3 breeding species, Brazil and Colombia only one each.
20 PELECANIFORMES - 5 families worldwide, three in New World plus Scopidae (1, Africa, Madagascar, Arabian peninsula) and Balaenicipitidae (1, tropical Africa).
PELECANIDAE
8 spp. worldwide, all in Pelecanus, only three in New World, P. occidentalis Linnaeus, 1766 breeds in Colombia and Venezuela (Birds of the World), P. erythrorhynchos Gmelin, 1789 breeds from Canada to Costa Rica, while P. thagus Molina, 1782 breeds from S Ecuador to N Chile (WIKI). In Mexico, only P. occidentalis breeds. No species of Pelecanus breeds in Brazil.
ARDEIDAE
(18/)75 spp. worldwide. There are 14 breeding genera in South America, all of which are breeds in Brazil. Ardeola is excluded, as it breeds only in the Old World. Species richness: Colombia (14/23), Brazil (14/19), and Mexico (10/16).
TRESKIORNITHIDAE
(13/)25 spp worldwide. All 7 South American genera breed in Brazil, which holds (7/)8 breeding species. Colombia has (7/)9, and Mexico has (3/)4 breeding species. One species found in Colombia, Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus, 1758), does not occur in Brazil.
21 CATHARTIFORMES (sometipes placed within Accipitriformes) - all five genera and 7 species of the family occur in Brazil (Coragyps-1, Cathartes-3, Sarcoramphus-1), except for the two monotypic condor genera: Vultur gryphus Linnaeus, 1758 (Venezuela to Chile) and Gymnogyps californianus (SW USA and NW Mexico). Mexico has (4/)5 breeding species, and Colombia has (4/)6 spp.
22 ACCIPITRIFORMES - 3 families worldwide, two in New World plus Sagittariidae (1, tropical Africa).
PANDIONIDAE
Family composed of a single species, Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758), breeding only in Canada, W & E USA, NW Mexico, E Europe to China and NE Russia (MAP).
ACCIPITRIDAE
(75/)256 spp. worldwide, 25 genera breeding in South America, 23 of them breed in Brazil, while two do not: Cryptoleucopteryx (1, Panama to NW Peru) and Morphnarchus (1, Costa Rica to S Ecuador). Excludes Milvus (no breeding in New World). Colombia has (26/)46 spp., Brazil has (24/)43 breeding spp. and Mexico has (27/)34 spp. (excludes 4 vagant species, 3 in Buteo, one in Ictinia).
23 STRIGIFORMES - two living species, both in New World.
TYTONIDAE
(2/)20 spp. worldwide, highly centered in SE Asia and Oceania, with a single species in New World, Tyto furcata (Temminck, 1827), from SW Canada to Tierra del Fuego and Caribbean.
STRIGIDAE
(23/)230 spp. worldwide. Nine genera breeds in Brazil. Xenoglaux (endemic to Peru) is the only South American genus which no breeds in Brazil . Mexico has (11/)29 spp., Colombia (9/)27 and Brazil has (9/)25 breeding spp.
COLIIFORMES
LEPTOSOMIFORMES
24 TROGONIFORMES - (7/)49 spp. in a single family worldwide, Trogonidae, with two genera breeding in South America, both in Brazil. Colombia has (2/)17 spp., Brazil has (2/)11 and Mexico has (3/)9. Priotelus (2, Cuba and Hispaniola) and Euptilotis (1, Arizona and Mexico) also occur in New World.
BUCEROTIFORMES
25 CORACIIFORMES - six families worldwide, three in New World plus Meropidae (3/31, Old World), Brachypteraciidae (4/5, endemic to Madagascar) and Coraciidae (2/13, Old World).
TODIDAE
5 spp. in Todus. Puerto Rico (1), Jamaica (1), Cuba (1) and Hispaniola (2).
MOMOTIDAE
(6/)14 spp. worldwide. Three of the four genera that breed in South America do so in Brazil - the exception is Hylomanes (SE Mexico to NW Colombia). Colombia has (4/)6 spp., Mexico has (4/)6 and Brazil has (3/)4 spp.
ALCEDINIDAE
(17/)118 spp. worldwide. Only two genera in New World, both widely distributed. Colombia and Brazil has (2/)5 spp. each, and Mexico (2/)4. Exceludes Megaceryle alcyion (Linnaeus, 1758), which no breeds species in America Latina.
26 GALBULIFORMES - two families worldwide, sometimes placed within Piciformes.
BUCCONIDAE
(12/)38 species exclusive from tropical Amnerica. 10 genera breeds in Brazil, and two others breed only in neighboring countries, Hapaloptila (1, Colombia to Peru) and Hypnelus (2, Colombia and Venezuela). Colombia has (10/)26 spp, Brazil has (10/)29, Mexico has only (2/)2.
GALBULIDAE
(5/)18 spp., all breeding genera in South America and in Brazil. Brazil has (5/)15 spp., Colombia has (4/)13 and Mexico has (1/)1.
27 PICIFORMES - 7 families worldwide, 4 in New World plus Megalaimidae (2/37, forests of the Indomalayan realm from Tibet to Indonesia), Lybiidae (9/43, sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception of the far SW of South Africa), Indicatoridae (4/16, Africa and Asia).
CAPITONIDAE
(2/)15 spp., both genera breed in Brazil. Colombia has (2/)8 spp. and Brazil has (2/)7. Absent in Mexico.
SEMNORNITHIDAE
Unknown in Brazil, two species, Semnornis frantzii from Costa Rica and W Panama, and S. ramphastinus (Jardine, 1855) from SW Colombia and N Ecuador.
RAMPHASTIDAE
(5/)43 spp. in this family, four genera breeds Brazil plus Andigena (5, Venezuela to Bolivia). Colombia has (5/)21 spp., Brazil (4/)22 and Mexico has only (3/)3 spp.
PICIDAE
(35/)240 spp. worldwide, 8 breeding in South America, all in Brazil. Excludes Sphyrapicus (no breeds in South America, vagant in San Andeas, Colombia). Brazil has (8/)57 spp., Colombia has (8/)43 and Mexico has (7/)27.
28 CARIAMIFORMES - two species, Cariama cristata (Linnaeus, 1766) from NE Brazil to C Argentina, west to C Bolivia, and Chunga burmeisteri (Hartlaub, 1860) from S Bolivia up to C Argentina and W Paraguay, unknown in Colombia and Mexico.
29 FALCONIFORMES - (10/)65 spp in a single family, Falconidae, with 7 genera breeding in Brazil. Additionally, Spiziapteryx also breeds in South America (1, Argentina, SE Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Brazil has (7/)16 breeding species, Colombia (6/)16, and Mexico has (5/)12 spp.
30 PSITTACIFORMES - 4 families worldwide, one in New World plus Strigopidae (2/4, endemic to New Zealand), Cacatuidae (8/22, Philippines and Sulawesi to Tasmania) and Psittaculidae (47/203, widely in Old World).
PSITTACIDAE
Two subfamilies, Psittacinae (2/12) in Africa and Arini (32/150) in New World. 26 genera breeds in Brazil (three endemic), and other 7 also breeds in South America: Psilopsiagon (2, Peru to Argentina), Bolborhynchus (2, Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia), Hapalopsittaca (4, Venezuela to Peru), Enicognathus (2, Argentina and Chile), Cyanoliseus (1, Argentina and Chile), Leptosittaca (1, Colombia to Peru) and Ognorhynchus (1, endemic to Colombia). Brazil has (26/)87 spp., Colombia (20/)56 and Mexico has (13/)31.
31. PASSERIFORMES - the data below follows Birds of the World/South America, List of Bird Genera (WIKI), both on October 29, 2023 and, for data on nesting birds in Brazil, Pacheco et al. (Ornithology Research, 2021). Data for endemics, see Intresures/Global Rankings. National diversities: Colombia (Birds of the World) and Mexico (Birds of the World). Teretistridae (1/2, endemic to Cuba) is tentatively near Zeledoniidae (Wikipedia). Monarchidade and Acrocephalidae occur in Hawaii.
NEW WORLD FAMILIES UNKNOWN IN BRAZIL
New World Passeriformes includes 21 families no breeding in Brazil: Laniidae (2/33, only two Lanius in New World, both breeding only in Canada and USA), Alaudidae (21/99, Old World, Eremophila alpestris in North America up to C Mexico, vagant n Colombia), Paridae (14/64, 13 genera in Old World, and one endemic to North America and Mexico; 2/12 spp. in Mexico), Remizidae (3/11, Old World, Auriparus flaviceps in USA to Mexico), Aegithalidae (4/13, Old World to W North America south up to Guatemala, Psaltriparus minimus in Mexico), Dulidae (1/1, Hispaniola), Bombycillidae (1/3, northern Hemisphere up to center China and California), Ptiliogonatidae (3/4, USA and Mexico to Panama), Cinclidae, Regulidae (1/6, North America to Guatemala, Eurasia, Regulus satrapa in Mexico), Sittidae (1/15, temperate Old World, 4 from Canada to Mexico, two in Mexico), Rhodinocichlidae, Certhiidae (2/10, Eurasia, Africa, North America to Nicaragua, one in Mexico), Peucedramidae (1/1, SW USA to Nicaragua), Icteriidae (1/1, Canada to Panama), Calcariidae (3/6, North America, two up to Eurasia), Calyptophilidae (1/2, Hispaniola), Zeledoniidae (1/1, Costa Rica and Panama), Nesospingidae (1/1, Porto Rico), Spindalidae (3/4, West Indies, Cozumel Is.) and Phaenicophilidae (1/4, Hispaniola).
UNITED STATES
USA includes Tyrannidae, Vireonidae, Corvidae, Laniidae (1/2 in New World), Alaudidae, Paridae, Remizidae, Aegithalidae, Hirundinidae, Bombycillidae, Ptiliogonatidae, Cinclidae, Regulidae, Sittidae, Certhidae, Turdidae, Mimidae, Polioptilidae, Trogloditydae, Peucedramidae, Icteriidae, Calcariidae, Spindalidae, Parulidae, Icteridae, Passerellidae, Fringillidae, Cardinalidae and Motacillidae. A single family of Tyranii occur in USA, i.e., Tyrannidae.
Including vagants, USA includes 18 families unknown in Brazil (Laniidae, Paridae, Alaudidae, Remizidae, Aegithalidae, Sylviidae, Regulidae, Phylloscopidae, Sittidae, Certhiidae, Cinclidae, Icteriidae, Spindalidae, Calcariidae, Bombycillidae, Ptiliogonatidae, Acrocephalidae, and Peucedramidae), and Brazil has 12 amilies unknown in USA (Thamnophilidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae, Pipritidae, Melanopareiidae, Formicariidae, Furnariidae, Donacobiidae, Oxyruncidae, Conopophagidae, Rhinocryptidae and Mitronspingidae).
MEXICO
Mexico suprasses Brazil in Vireonidae (in spp. and sp.⋵), Corvidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵), Hirundinidae (in sp.⋵), Turdidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵.), Mimidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵), Polioptilidae (in sp.⋵), Troglodytidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵), Parulidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵), Passerellidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵) and Fringillidae (only in genera number), and Cardinalidae (in g, spp., sp.⋵). 14 Mexican families - Laniidae, Alaudidae, Paridae, Aegithilidae, Certhiidae, Remizidae, Ptiliogonatidae, Cinclidae, Regulidae, Sittidae, Rhodinocichlidae, Peucedramidae, Icteriidae and Spindalidae - do not occur in Brazil.
TOTAL NUMBERS
Brazil includes in Tyranni (12:242/)678 spp. (145⋵), Colombia has (12:235/)590 spp. (25⋵) and Mexico has only (9:68/)108 spp. (4⋵). Overall, Brazil includes in Passeriformes (28:369/)1,015 spp. (196⋵), Colombia (31:380/)1,034 spp. (45⋵) and Mexico (36:206/)473 spp. (76⋵).
TAXONOMY
Modern Passeriformes includes 21 lineages (PNAS): Acanthisittidae (3/3, New Zealand), Tyranni/Eurylaimes (Old World, with Sapaoydea in New World), Tyranii/Furnariida (New World), Tyranii/Tyrannida (New World), 4 basal lineages in Passerida (Australasia), 3 basal Passeri/Corvides (Australasia, Campephagidae up to Asia and Africa), Passeri/Corvides/Orioloidea (Old World, Vireonidae in New World), Passeri/Corvides/Malaconotoidea (Old World), Passeri/Corvides/Corvoidea (Old World, Corvidae and Laniidae in New World), 4 basal Passeri/Passerides (Old World), Passeri/Passerides/Sylviidae (cosmopolitan), Passeri/Passerides/Muscicapida (cosmopolitan) and Passeri/Passerides/Passerida (cosmopolitan).
Three suborders, suborder Acanthisitti (only Acanthisittidae), suborder Tyranni (suboscines) and suborder Passeri (oscines or songbirds).
Three infraorders, all in New World. All New World families occur in Brazil except Sapayoidae.
TYRANNI/EURYLAIMIDES
All families of this clade are exclusive to Old World (Philepittidae, Eurylaimidae, Calyptomenidae, Pittidae) except one in tropical America, Sapayoidae, with a single species, Sapayoa aenigma Hartert, 1903, from Panama to NW Ecuador.
TYRANNI/FURNARIIDA ‣ 7 families, all exclusive to tropical America and presents in Brazil. Conopophagidae and Rhinocryptidae does not occur in Mexico. Melanopareiidae does not occur in Colombia neither in Mexico. Colombia susprasses Brazil in number of species in Grallariidae, Rhinocryptidae and Formicariidae, and in genera number only in Conopophagidae. Brazil susprasses Mexico in all levels of all of these families.
MELANOPAREIDAE
A single genus with 5 spp., from Ecuador to Uruguay, M. torquata Wied, 1831 in C Brazil.
Melanopareia
CONOPOPHAGIDAE
Brazil has (1/)8spp. (4⋵), Colombia (2/)3 (none endemics). Unknown in Mexico.
Conopophaga
Pittasoma (2, Costa Rica to Ecuador)
THAMNOPHILIDAE
234 spp. All 65 genera occur in South America. (54/)177 spp. in Brazil (53⋵), (48/)118 in Colombia (3⋵) and (7/)7 in Mexico (none endemics). Rhopias and Rhopornis are Brazilian endemic genera.
Akletos
Ammonastes
Ampelornis
Aprositornis
Batara
Biatas
Cercomacra
Cercomacroides
Clytoctantes
Cymbilaimus
Dichrozona
Drymophila
Dysithamnus
Epinecrophylla
Euchrepomis
Formicivora
Frederickena
Gymnocichla
Gymnopithys
Hafferia
Herpsilochmus
Hylophylax
Hypocnemis
Hypocnemoides
Hypoedaleus
Isleria
Mackenziaena
Megastictus
Microrhopias
Myrmeciza
Myrmelastes
Myrmoborus
Myrmochanes
Myrmoderus
Myrmophylax
Myrmorchilus
Myrmornis
Myrmotherula
Neoctantes
Oneillornis
Percnostola
Phaenostictus
Phlegopsis
Pithys
Poliocrania
Pygiptila
Pyriglena
Radinopsyche
Rhegmatorhina
Rhopias
Rhopornis
Sakesphorus
Sakesphoroides
Sciaphylax
Sclateria
Sipia
Stymphalornis
Taraba
Terenura
Thamnistes
Thamnomanes
Thamnophilus
Willisornis
Xenornis
GRALLARIIDAE
All genera and all 69 spp. in South America. Colombia has (4/)32 spp. (7⋵), Brazil (5/)13 (1⋵) and Mexico only one. All genera in this family occur in Brazil. Brazilian Cryptopezus (1, Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay) does not occur in Colombia.
Grallaria
Cyrtopezus
Grallaricula
Hylopezus
Myrmothera
RHINOCRYPTIDAE
All genera and all 64 spp. in South America. Colombia has (4/)19 spp. (6⋵), Brazil has (5/)13 (10⋵). Uknown in Mexico. Eleoscytalopus and Merulaxis are Brazilian endemic genera.
Acropternis (1, Venezuela to Peru)
Eleoscytalopus
Eugralla
Liosceles
Merulaxis
Myornis (1, Colombia to Peru)
Psilorhamphus
Pteroptochos
Rhinocrypta
Scelorchilus
Scytalopus
Teledromas
FORMICARIIDAE
Two genera and 11 spp., all in South America. Colombia has 8 spp. (none endemics) and Brazil 7 (1⋵), in both genera. Only one sp. in Mexico.
Chamaeza
Formicarius
FURNARIIDAE
All genera and 303 spp. in South America. (53/)155 spp. in Brazil (34⋵), (46/)115 in Colombia (4⋵) and only (12/)19 in Mexico (1⋵). Megaxenops, Cichlocolaptes and Acrobatornis are Brazilian endemic genera.
Acrobatornis
Anabacerthia
Anabazenops
Ancistrops
Anumbius
Aphrastura
Asthenes
Automolus
Berlepschia
Campylorhamphus
Certhiasomus
Certhiaxis
Cichlocolaptes
Cinclodes
Clibanornis
Coryphistera
Cranioleuca
Deconychura
Dendrexetastes
Dendrocincla
Dendrocolaptes
Dendroma
Dendroplex
Drymornis
Drymotoxeres
Furnarius
Geocerthia
Geositta
Glyphorynchus
Heliobletus
Hellmayrea
Hylexetastes
Lepidocolaptes
Leptasthenura
Limnoctites
Limnornis
Lochmias
Margarornis
Mazaria
Megaxenops
Metopothrix
Microxenops
Nasica
Ochetorhynchus
Phacellodomus
Philydor
Phleocryptes
Premnoplex
Premnornis
Pseudasthenes
Pseudocolaptes
Pseudoseisura
Pygarrhichas
Roraimia
Schoeniophylax
Sclerurus
Siptornis
Sittasomus
Spartonoica
Sylviorthorhynchus
Synallaxis
Syndactyla
Tarphonomus
Thripadectes
Thripophaga
Upucerthia
Xenerpestes
Xenops
Xiphocolaptes
Xiphorhynchus
TYRANNI/TYRANNIDA ‣ 5 families, all in Brazil. Colombia surpasses Brazil in the number of genera in Pipridae (↑1) and Tyrannidae (↑4), and in the number of species in Cotingidae (↑2), Tityridae (↑1), and Oxyruncidae (↑1). Brazil susprasses Mexico in all levels of all of these families.
PIPRIDAE
All genera (52) in South America. (14/)35 spp. in Brazil (7⋵), (15/)24 in Colombia (none endemics) and (3/)3 in Mexico (none endemics). Illicura is a Brazilian endemic genus.
Antilophia (Brazil and Paraguay to Bolivia)
Ceratopipra
Chiroxiphia
Chloropipo (2, Colombia to Peru).
Corapipo
Cryptopipo (1, Colombia to Peru).
Heterocercus
Ilicura
Lepidothrix
Machaeropterus
Manacus
Masius (1, Venezuela to Peru)
Neopelma
Pipra
Pseudopipra
Tyranneutes
Xenopipo
COTINGIDAE
All genera (59) in South America. Colombia has (18/)33 spp. (1⋵), Brazil (18/)31 (8⋵), and Mexico (2/)2 (none endemics). Carpornis is a Brazilian endemic genus.
Ampelioides (1, Venezuela to Bolivia)
Ampelion (2, Venezuela to Bolivia)
Carpodectes (3, Costa Rica to Ecuador)
Carpornis
Cephalopterus
Conioptilon
Cotinga
Doliornis (2, Colombia to Peru)
Gymnoderus
Haematoderus
Lipaugus
Perissocephalus
Phibalura
Phoenicircus
Phytotoma
Pipreola
Porphyrolaema
Procnias
Pyroderus
Querula
Rupicola
Snowornis (2, Colombia to Peru)
Xipholena
Zaratornis (1, Peru)
TITYRIDAE
All genera in South America (32 spp.). Colombia has (6/)22 spp. (none endemics), Brazil (7/)21 (4⋵), and Mexico (3/)8 (1⋵). All genera in Brazil.
Iodopleura
Laniisoma
Laniocera
Pachyramphus
Schiffornis
Tityra
Xenopsaris
OXYRUNCIDAE
All genera in South America, with 8 spp. (4/)7 spp. in Colombia, (4/)6 in Brazil, and (3/)3 in Mexico. None endemics in this countries.
Myiobius
Onychorhynchus
Oxyruncus
Terenotriccus
TYRANIDAE
387 spp. All genera in South America except Deltarhynchus (1, endemic to Mexico) and Xenotriccus (1, Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador). Brazil has (78/)211 spp. (23⋵), Colombia (82/)208 (4⋵), (29/)64 in Mexico (2⋵). Calyptura is a Brazilian endemic genus.
Agriornis
Alectrurus
Anairete
Aphanotriccus
Arundinicola
Atalotriccus
Attila
Calyptura
Camptostoma
Capsiempis
Casiornis
Cnemarchus
Cnemotriccus
Cnipodectes
Colonia
Colorhamphus
Conopias
Contopus
Corythopis
Culicivora
Elaenia
Empidonax
Empidonomus
Euscarthmus
Fluvicola
Griseotyrannus
Gubernetes
Guyramemua
Hemitriccus
Heteroxolmis
Hirundinea
Hymenops
Inezia
Knipolegus
Lathrotriccus
Legatus
Leptopogon
Lessonia
Lophotriccus
Machetornis
Mecocerculus
Megarynchus
Mionectes
Mitrephanes
Muscigralla
Muscipipra
Muscisaxicola
Myiarchus
Myiodynastes
Myiopagis
Myiophobus
Myiornis
Myiotheretes
Myiotriccus
Myiozetetes
Nengetus
Neopipo
Neoxolmis
Nephelomyias
Nesotriccus
Ochthoeca
Ochthornis
Oncostoma
Ornithion
Phaeomyias
Phelpsia
Philohydor
Phyllomyias
Phylloscartes
Piprites
Pitangus
Platyrinchus
Poecilotriccus
Pogonotriccus
Polioxolmis
Polystictus
Pseudelaenia
Pseudocolopteryx
Pseudotriccus
Pyrocephalus
Pyrrhomyias
Pyrope
Ramphotrigon
Rhynchocyclus
Rhytipterna
Satrapa
Sayornis
Serpophaga
Silvicultrix
Sirystes
Stigmatura
Sublegatus
Suiriri
Syrtidicola
Tachuris
Taeniotriccus
Todirostrum
Tolmomyias
Tumbezia
Tyrannopsis
Tyrannulus
Tyrannus
Uromyias
Xolmis
Zimmerius
Six infraorders. Menurides (2/4 in Atrichornithidae and Menuridae, both endemic to Australia), Climacterides (12/30, Australia and New Guinea), Orthonynchides (3/8 in Pomatostomidae and Orthonychidae) and Meliphagides (5:78/299, Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, and the southwest Pacific) do not occur in New World
INFRAORDER CORVIDES
An impressive radiation comprising 30 families, of which only 3 occur in the New World. Mexico stands out in Corvidae at all taxonomic levels and has a greater number of species in Vireonidae, as well as representatives of Laniidae, a family that does not occur in Brazil. Colombia surpasses Brazil only in the number of genera of Corvidae.
LANIIDAE
2/33, mainly in Eurasia, only two Lanius in New World, both breeding from Canada to S Mexico.
CORVIDAE
20/135 spp. worldwide. 7 genera occur tropical America, all in Mexico, 5 unknown in South America: Corvus (45, subcosmopolitam, 5 in Mexico), Calocitta (2, Mexico to Costa Rica), Psilorhinus (1, Texas to Costa Rica), Aphelocoma (7, USA to Mexico) and Nucifraga (3, 2 in Asia and one from Canada to N Mexico). Mexico has (7/)25 spp. (9⋵, inc. two Corvus), Colombia (2/)7 (none endemics) and Brazil (1/)8 (2⋵).
Cyanocorax
Cyanolyca (9, 5 in Mesoamerica, 4 in South America, Venezuela to Bolivia, none national endemics)
VIREONIDAE
(8/)62 spp. worldwide. 31 spp. in South America. All genera occur in South America except Asian Erpornis and Pteruthius. Mexico has (5/)26 spp. (4⋵), Colombia (6/)22 (2⋵) and Brazil has (6/)17 (3⋵).
Cyclarhis
Hylophilus
Pachysylvia
Tunchiornis
Vireo
Vireolanius
INFRAORDER PASSERIDA
80 families worldwide, only 34 in New World. Mostly smallish herbivores, near-global distribution centered on Palearctic and Americas. The basal radiation is mostly found in the Old World, with only Motacillidae naturally occurring in the Americas and Estrildidae in Australia.
18 of these families do not occur in South America: Bombycillidae (1/3, northern Hemisphere up to center China and California), Calcariidae (3/6, North America, two up to Eurasia, unknown in Mexico), Alaudidae (21/99, Old World, only one in North America up to C Mexico), Paridae (14/64, 13 genera in Old World, and one endemic to North America and Mexico), Remizidae (3/11, Old World, North America to Mexico), Aegithalidae (4/13, Old World to W North America south up to Guatemala), Sittidae (1/15, temperate Old World, 4 from Canada to Mexico), Certhiidae (2/10, Eurasia, Africa, North America to Nicaragua), Regulidae (1/6, North America to Guatemala, Eurasia), Icteriidae (1/1, Canada to Panama), Peucedramidae (1/1, SW USA to Nicaragua), Ptiliogonatidae (3/4, USA and Mexico to Panama), Spindalidae (3/4, West Indies, Cozumel island), Zeledoniidae (1/1, Costa Rica and Panama), Nesospingidae (1/1, Porto Rico), Calyptophilidae (1/2, Hispaniola), Dulidae (1/1, Hispaniola) and Phaenicophilidae (1/4, Hispaniola). 11 of these families occur in Mexico.
16 families occur in South America: Donacobiidae, Hirudinidae, Cinclidae, Turdidae, Mimidae, Polioptilidae, Troglodytidae, Motacillidae, Fringillidae, Rhodinocichlidae, Cardinallidae, Mitrospongidae, Thraupidae, Passerelidae, Parulidae and Icteridae, all in Brazil except Rhodinocichlidae and Cinclidae.
CARDINALLIDAE
New World genera unknown in South America includes Cyanocompsa (1, Mexico to Nicaragua), Spiza, Passerina and Rhodothraupis (1, Mexico). (12/)27 in Mexico (7⋵), (9/)21 in Colombia (2⋵; excludes Pheucticus ludovicianus, Passerina and Spiza) and (7/)11 in Brazil (1⋵; excludes Pheucticus aureoventris). In Mexico breeds in Piranga (7), Habia (2), Periporphyrus (1), Caryothraustes (1), Cardinalis (1), Periporphyrus (1), Pheucticus (2), Granatellus (2), Amaurospiza (1), Cyanolaxa (1), Cyanocompsa (1) and Passerina (7).
Amaurospiza
Cardinalis (3, two from Canada to Belize, one in Colombia to Venezuela)
Caryothraustes
Chlorothraupis (4, Nicaragua to Bolivia)
Cyanoloxia
Granatellus
Habia
Periporphyrus
Pheucticus
Piranga
CINCLIDAE
5 spp. in a single genus, Cinclus, one from Alaska to Costa Rica, two in Eurasia and two in South America. South America members are C. schulzii Cabanis, 1882 and C. leucocephalus Tschudi, 1844
Cinclus
DONACOBIIDAE
A single genus and species, Donacobius atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1766)from S Panama to S Brazil
Donacobius
FRINGILIDAE
New World genera unknown in South America are Coccothraustes (North America, Mexico, America Central), Pinicola (Holartic including North America), Leucosticte (Old World and North America), Acanthis (Holartic, North America), Loxia (North America, Mexico, America Central, Caribbean) and Haemorhous (North America, Mexico, America Central, Caribbean). (3/)22 spp. in Colombia, (6/)16 in Mexico, and only (3/)16 in Brazil, one endemic in each country. Mexico includes breeding species in Euphonia (5), Chlorophonia (2), Coccothraustes (2), Haemohous (1), Loxia (1) and Spinus (5).
Chlorophonia
Euphonia
Spinus
HIRUDINIDAE
All New World genera occur in South America. Colombia has (10/)20 spp. (none endemics), Brazil (9/)17 (none endemics) and Mexico (8/)13 (1⋵)
Alopochelidon
Atticora
Hirundo
Orochelidon (3, Venezuela to Argentina)
Petrochelidon
Progne
Pygochelidon
Riparia
Stelgidopteryx
Tachycineta
ICTERIDAE
28 genera. Only three genera are unknown in South America: Agelaius (5, Canada to Costa Rica and Caribbean), Euphagus (2, USA to Mexico) and Nesopsar (1, Jamaica). (15/)41 spp. in Colombia (4⋵), (19/)40 in Brazil (4⋵) and (12/)37 in Mexico (3⋵). Anamura is a Brazilian endemic genus, and Hypopyrrhus is a Colombia endemic
Agelaioides
Agelasticus
Amblycercus
Amblyramphus
Anumara
Cacicus
Chrysomus
Curaeus
Dives
Dolichonyx
Gnorimopsar
Gymnomystax
Hypopyrrhus
Icterus
Lampropsar
Leistes
Macroagelaius
Molothrus
Oreopsar
Psarocolius
Pseudoleistes
Quiscalus
Sturnella
Xanthocephalus
Xanthopsar
MIMIDAE
10 spp. in South America. Outsider genera in New World are Allenia (5, Caribbean), Cinclocerthia (2, Caribbean), Margarops (1, Caribbean), Melanoptila (1, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala), Melanotis (2, Mexico to Honduras), Dumatella (1, breeding in Canada and USA), Toxostoma (11, USA to Mexico), Oreoscoptes (1, Canada to Mexico) and Ramphocinclus (1, Caribbean). Mexico has (5/)17 spp. (5⋵), Colombia (1/)1 (none endemics) and Brazil (1/)3 (none endemics). Dumetella is rejeted from Colombia and Mexico (WIKI)
Mimus
MITROSPONGIDAE
4 spp. in South America, in all genera of this family. Brazil has 3 spp. in all genera, Colombia only one. Unknown in Mexico. Orthogonys is a Brazilian endemic genus.
Lamprospiza
Mitrospingus
Orthogonys
MOTACILLIDAE
11 spp. Motacilla is a outsider (breeding only in Alaska at New World). Mexico has 4 spp., Brazil has 5, and Colombia has 2, all in Anthus, none national endemics.
Anthus
PARULIDAE
(6/)24 spp. breeds in Mexico (6⋵), (5/)20 in Colombia (4⋵), and only (5/)11 in Brazil (1⋵). In Mexico breeds Oreothlypis (1), Leiothlypis (3), Geothlypis (7), Basileuterus (5), Cardellina (3) and Setophaga (5). In Colombia breeds Geothlypis (2), Basileuterus (4), Myioborus (4), Myiothlypis (9) and Setophaga (1). In Brazil breeds Geothlypis (2), Basileuterus (1), Myioborus (2), Myiothlypis (5) and Setophaga (1).
Basileuterus
Geothlypis
Myioborus
Myiothlypis
Setophaga
PASSERELIDAE
62 spp. Ousider genera in New World are Aimophila (3, Mexico to Nicaragua), Amphispiza (1, USA to Mexico), Artemisiospiza (2, USA to Mexco), Calamospiza (1, Canada to Mexico), Chondestes (1, Canada to Mexico), Junco (5, Canada to Panama), Melospiza (3, Canada to Mexico), Melozone (8, USA to Costa Rica), Oriturus (1, Mexico), Passerculus (1, breeding from Canada to USA, vagant up to Mexico), Passerella (1, Canada, USA), Peucaea (8 USA to Costa Rica), Pezopetes (1, Panama to Costa Rica), Pipilo (4, Canada to Mexico), Pooecetes (1, Canada to Mexico), Spizella (6, Canada to Nicaragua), Spizelloides (1, Canada to USA), Torreornis (1, Cuba) and Xenospiza (1, Mexico). (24/)61 spp. in Mexico (17⋵; excluded Passerella), (7/)36 in Colombia (6⋵), and (5/)9 in Brazil (2⋵)
Ammodramus
Arremon
Arremonops
Atlapetes
Chlorospingus (8, S Mexico to NW Argentina, absent in Brazil)
Oreothraupis (1, Colombia to Ecuador)
Rhynchospiza
Zonotrichia
POLIOPTILIDAE
(3/)14 spp. All genera in South America. Brazil has (3/)10 spp. (none endemics), Colombia has (3/)7 (none endemics) and Mexico (2/)8 (1⋵).
Microbates
Ramphocaenus
Polioptila
RHODINOCICHLIDAE
A single species, Rhodinocichla rosea Lesson, 1832, highly disjunct in W Mexico, Panama, N & C Colombia and N Venezuela.
Rhodinocichla
THRAUPIDAE
387 spp. All genera in South America except Acanthidops (1, Costa Rica and Panama), Euneornis (1, Jamaica), Loxigilla (2, Caribbean), Rowettia (1, Gough Island), Pinaroloxias (1, Cocos island, Costa Rica), Nesospiza (3, Tristan de Cunha), Loxipasser (1, Jamaica) and Melopyrrha (5, Caribbean). (61/)176 spp. in Colombia (8⋵), (51/)150 in Brazil (24⋵) and (15/)25 in Mexico (1⋵). Compsothraupis, Orchesticus and Castanozoster are Brazilian endemic genera.
Anisognathus
Asemospiza
Bangsia
Buthraupis
Calochaetes
Camarhynchus
Castanozoster
Catamblyrhynchus
Catamenia
Certhidea
Charitospiza
Chalcothraupis
Chlorochrysa
Chlorophanes
Chlorornis
Chrysothlypis
Cissopis
Cnemathraupis
Cnemoscopus
Coereba
Compsospiza
Compsothraupis
Conirostrum
Conothraupis
Coryphaspiza
Coryphospingus
Creurgops
Cyanerpes
Cyanicterus
Cypsnagra
Dacnis
Diglossa
Diuca
Dolospingus
Donacospiza
Dubusia
Emberizoides
Embernagra
Eucometis
Geospiza
Geospizopsis
Gubernatrix
Haplospiza
Heliothraupis
Hemithraupis
Heterospingus
Idiopsar
Incaspiza
Iridophanes
Iridosornis
Ixothraupis
Kleinothraupis
Lanio
Lophospingus
Loriotus
Melanodera
Melanospiza
Microspingus
Nemosia
Neothraupis
Nephelornis
Orchesticus
Parkerthraustes
Paroaria
Phrygilus
Piezorina
Pipraeidea
Platyspiza
Poecilostreptus
Poospiza
Pseudosaltator
Pseudospingus
Pyrrhocoma
Ramphocelus
Rauenia
Rhodospingus
Rhopospina
Saltator
Saltatricula
Schistochlamys
Sericossypha
Sicalis
Sphenopsis
Sporathraupis
Sporophila
Stephanophorus
Stilpnia
Tachyphonus
Tangara
Tersina
Thephropilus
Thlypopsis
Thraupis
Tiaris
Trichothraupis
Urothraupis
Volatinia
Wetmorethraupis
Xenodacnis
Xenospingus
TROGLODYTIDAE
50 spp. in South America. New World genera unknown in South America includes Catherpes (1, Canada to Mexico), Ferminia (1, Cuba), Hylorchilus (2, endemic to Mexico), Salpinctes (1, Canada to Honduras), Thryomanes (1, Canada to Mexico), Thryothorus (1, Canada to Mexico), Thryorchilus (1, Costa Rica and Panama) and Uropsila (1, Mexico to Honduras). (11/)35 in Colombia (7⋵), (14/)33 in Mexico (13⋵) and (9/)17 in Brazil (2⋵)
Campylorhynchus
Cantorchilus
Cinnycerthia (4, Venezuela to Peru)
Cistothorus
Cyphorhinus
Henicorhina
Microcerculus
Odontorchilus
Pheugopedius
Thryophilus (5, Mexico to Colombia)
Troglodytes
TURDIDAE
41 spp. in South America. Outsiders in New World includes Ixoreus (1, Canada to Mexico), Ridgwayia (1, Mexico) and Sialia (3, USA to Nicaragua). Colombia has (5/)28 spp. (none endemics), Mexico (6/)24 (4⋵) and Brazil only (3/)21 (none endemics). Hylochchla is here not considered in Colombia or Mexico (WIKI).
Catharus
Cichlopsis
Entomodestes (2, Colombia to Bolivia)
Hylocichla
Myadestes (12, Mexico to Bolivia, Caribbean and Hawaii, only one in South America)
Platycichla
Turdus